1. Optional: /usr/lib/udev/rules.d/60-net.rules

   This file exists only if you install the initscripts-rename-device package. The /usr/lib/udev/rules.d/60-net.rules file defines that the deprecated /usr/lib/udev/rename_device helper utility searches for the HWADDR parameter in /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-* files. If the value set in the variable matches the MAC address of an interface, the helper utility renames the interface to the name set in the DEVICE parameter of the ifcfg file.

   If the system uses only NetworkManager connection profiles in keyfile format, udev skips this step.

2. Only on Dell systems: /usr/lib/udev/rules.d/71-biosdevname.rules

   This file exists only if the biosdevname package is installed, and the rules file defines that the biosdevname utility renames the interface according to its naming policy, if it was not renamed in the previous step.

   Note

   Install and use biosdevname only on Dell systems.

3. /usr/lib/udev/rules.d/75-net-description.rules

   This file defines how udev examines the network interface and sets the properties in udev-internal variables. These variables are then processed in the next step by the /usr/lib/udev/rules.d/80-net-setup-link.rules file. Some of the properties can be undefined.

4. /usr/lib/udev/rules.d/80-net-setup-link.rules

   This file calls the net_setup_link builtin of the udev service, and udev renames the interface based on the order of the policies in the NamePolicy parameter in the /usr/lib/systemd/network/99-default.link file. For further details, see Network interface naming policies.

   If none of the policies applies, udev does not rename the interface.

Procedure

1. Boot the Red Hat Enterprise Linux installation media.

2. In the boot manager, follow these steps:

   1. Select the Install Red Hat Enterprise Linux <version> entry.
   2. Press Tab to edit the entry.
   3. Append net.ifnames.prefix=<prefix> to the kernel options.
   4. Press Enter to start the installation program.
3. Install Red Hat Enterprise Linux.

Procedure

1. Identify the network interface that you want to rename:

   # ip link show
   ...
   enp1s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
       link/ether 00:00:5e:00:53:1a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
   ...

   Record the MAC address of the interface.

2. Display the device type ID of the interface:

   # cat /sys/class/net/enp1s0/type
   1

3. Create the /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules file, and add a rule for each interface that you want to rename:

   SUBSYSTEM=="net",ACTION=="add",ATTR{address}=="<MAC_address>",ATTR{type}=="<device_type_id>",NAME="<new_interface_name>"

   Important

   Use only 70-persistent-net.rules as a file name if you require consistent device names during the boot process. The dracut utility adds a file with this name to the initrd image if you regenerate the RAM disk image.

   For example, use the following rule to rename the interface with MAC address 00:00:5e:00:53:1a to provider0:

   SUBSYSTEM=="net",ACTION=="add",ATTR{address}=="00:00:5e:00:53:1a",ATTR{type}=="1",NAME="provider0"

4. Optional: Regenerate the initrd RAM disk image:

   # dracut -f

   You require this step only if you need networking capabilities in the RAM disk. For example, this is the case if the root file system is stored on a network device, such as iSCSI.

5. Identify which NetworkManager connection profile uses the interface that you want to rename:

   # nmcli -f device,name connection show
   DEVICE  NAME
   enp1s0  example_profile
   ...

6. Unset the connection.interface-name property in the connection profile:

   # nmcli connection modify example_profile connection.interface-name ""

7. Temporarily, configure the connection profile to match both the new and the previous interface name:

   # nmcli connection modify example_profile match.interface-name "provider0 enp1s0"

8. Reboot the system:

   # reboot

9. Verify that the device with the MAC address that you specified in the link file has been renamed to provider0:

   # ip link show
   provider0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
       link/ether 00:00:5e:00:53:1a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
   ...

10. Configure the connection profile to match only the new interface name:

    # nmcli connection modify example_profile match.interface-name "provider0"

    You have now removed the old interface name from the connection profile.

11. Reactivate the connection profile:

    # nmcli connection up example_profile

Procedure

1. Identify the network interface that you want to rename:

   # ip link show
   ...
   enp1s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
       link/ether 00:00:5e:00:53:1a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
   ...

   Record the MAC address of the interface.

2. If it does not already exist, create the /etc/systemd/network/ directory:

   # mkdir -p /etc/systemd/network/

3. For each interface that you want to rename, create a 70-*.link file in the /etc/systemd/network/ directory with the following content:

   [Match]
   MACAddress=<MAC_address>
   
   [Link]
   Name=<new_interface_name>

   Important

   Use a file name with a 70- prefix to keep the file names consistent with the udev rules-based solution.

   For example, create the /etc/systemd/network/70-provider0.link file with the following content to rename the interface with MAC address 00:00:5e:00:53:1a to provider0:

   [Match]
   MACAddress=00:00:5e:00:53:1a
   
   [Link]
   Name=provider0

4. Optional: Regenerate the initrd RAM disk image:

   # dracut -f

   You require this step only if you need networking capabilities in the RAM disk. For example, this is the case if the root file system is stored on a network device, such as iSCSI.

5. Identify which NetworkManager connection profile uses the interface that you want to rename:

   # nmcli -f device,name connection show
   DEVICE  NAME
   enp1s0  example_profile
   ...

6. Unset the connection.interface-name property in the connection profile:

   # nmcli connection modify example_profile connection.interface-name ""

7. Temporarily, configure the connection profile to match both the new and the previous interface name:

   # nmcli connection modify example_profile match.interface-name "provider0 enp1s0"

8. Reboot the system:

   # reboot

9. Verify that the device with the MAC address that you specified in the link file has been renamed to provider0:

   # ip link show
   provider0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
       link/ether 00:00:5e:00:53:1a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
   ...

10. Configure the connection profile to match only the new interface name:

    # nmcli connection modify example_profile match.interface-name "provider0"

    You have now removed the old interface name from the connection profile.

11. Reactivate the connection profile.

    # nmcli connection up example_profile

Procedure

1. Display the network interface names and their MAC addresses:

   # ip link show
   ...
   enp1s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
       link/ether 00:00:5e:00:53:1a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
   ...

   Record the MAC address of the interface to which you want to assign an alternative name.

2. If it does not already exist, create the /etc/systemd/network/ directory:

   # mkdir -p /etc/systemd/network/

3. For each interface that must have an alternative name, create a *.link file in the /etc/systemd/network/ directory with the following content:

   [Match]
   MACAddress=<MAC_address>
   
   [Link]
   AlternativeName=<alternative_interface_name_1>
   AlternativeName=<alternative_interface_name_2>
   AlternativeName=<alternative_interface_name_n>

   For example, create the /etc/systemd/network/70-altname.link file with the following content to assign provider as an alternative name to the interface with MAC address 00:00:5e:00:53:1a:

   [Match]
   MACAddress=00:00:5e:00:53:1a
   
   [Link]
   AlternativeName=provider

4. Regenerate the initrd RAM disk image:

   # dracut -f

5. Reboot the system:

   # reboot

Procedure

1. List the NetworkManager connection profiles:

   # nmcli connection show
   NAME                UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE
   Wired connection 1  a5eb6490-cc20-3668-81f8-0314a27f3f75  ethernet  enp1s0

   By default, NetworkManager creates a profile for each NIC in the host. If you plan to connect this NIC only to a specific network, adapt the automatically-created profile. If you plan to connect this NIC to networks with different settings, create individual profiles for each network.

2. If you want to create an additional connection profile, enter:

   # nmcli connection add con-name <connection-name> ifname <device-name> type ethernet

   Skip this step to modify an existing profile.

3. Optional: Rename the connection profile:

   # nmcli connection modify "Wired connection 1" connection.id "Internal-LAN"

   On hosts with multiple profiles, a meaningful name makes it easier to identify the purpose of a profile.

4. Display the current settings of the connection profile:

   # nmcli connection show Internal-LAN
   ...
   connection.interface-name:     enp1s0
   connection.autoconnect:        yes
   ipv4.method:                   auto
   ipv6.method:                   auto
   ...

5. Configure the IPv4 settings:

   • To use DHCP, enter:

     # nmcli connection modify Internal-LAN ipv4.method auto

     Skip this step if ipv4.method is already set to auto (default).

   • To set a static IPv4 address, network mask, default gateway, DNS servers, and search domain, enter:

     # nmcli connection modify Internal-LAN ipv4.method manual ipv4.addresses 192.0.2.1/24 ipv4.gateway 192.0.2.254 ipv4.dns 192.0.2.200 ipv4.dns-search example.com

6. Configure the IPv6 settings:

   • To use stateless address autoconfiguration (SLAAC), enter:

     # nmcli connection modify Internal-LAN ipv6.method auto

     Skip this step if ipv6.method is already set to auto (default).

   • To set a static IPv6 address, network mask, default gateway, DNS servers, and search domain, enter:

     # nmcli connection modify Internal-LAN ipv6.method manual ipv6.addresses 2001:db8:1::fffe/64 ipv6.gateway 2001:db8:1::fffe ipv6.dns 2001:db8:1::ffbb ipv6.dns-search example.com

7. To customize other settings in the profile, use the following command:

   # nmcli connection modify <connection-name> <setting> <value>

   Enclose values with spaces or semicolons in quotes.

8. Activate the profile:

   # nmcli connection up Internal-LAN

Verification

1. Display the IP settings of the NIC:

   # ip address show enp1s0
   2: enp1s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
       link/ether 52:54:00:17:b8:b6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
       inet 192.0.2.1/24 brd 192.0.2.255 scope global noprefixroute enp1s0
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
       inet6 2001:db8:1::fffe/64 scope global noprefixroute
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2. Display the IPv4 default gateway:

   # ip route show default
   default via 192.0.2.254 dev enp1s0 proto static metric 102

3. Display the IPv6 default gateway:

   # ip -6 route show default
   default via 2001:db8:1::ffee dev enp1s0 proto static metric 102 pref medium

4. Display the DNS settings:

   # cat /etc/resolv.conf
   search example.com
   nameserver 192.0.2.200
   nameserver 2001:db8:1::ffbb

   If multiple connection profiles are active at the same time, the order of nameserver entries depend on the DNS priority values in these profile and the connection types.

5. Use the ping utility to verify that this host can send packets to other hosts:

   # ping <host-name-or-IP-address>

Procedure

1. List the NetworkManager connection profiles:

   # nmcli connection show
   NAME                UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE
   Wired connection 1  a5eb6490-cc20-3668-81f8-0314a27f3f75  ethernet  enp1s0

   By default, NetworkManager creates a profile for each NIC in the host. If you plan to connect this NIC only to a specific network, adapt the automatically-created profile. If you plan to connect this NIC to networks with different settings, create individual profiles for each network.

2. Start nmcli in interactive mode:

   • To create an additional connection profile, enter:

     # nmcli connection edit type ethernet con-name "<connection-name>"

   • To modify an existing connection profile, enter:

     # nmcli connection edit con-name "<connection-name>"

3. Optional: Rename the connection profile:

   nmcli> set connection.id Internal-LAN

   On hosts with multiple profiles, a meaningful name makes it easier to identify the purpose of a profile.

   Do not use quotes to set an ID that contains spaces to avoid that nmcli makes the quotes part of the name. For example, to set Example Connection as ID, enter set connection.id Example Connection.

4. Display the current settings of the connection profile:

   nmcli> print
   ...
   connection.interface-name:     enp1s0
   connection.autoconnect:        yes
   ipv4.method:                   auto
   ipv6.method:                   auto
   ...

5. If you create a new connection profile, set the network interface:

   nmcli> set connection.interface-name enp1s0

6. Configure the IPv4 settings:

   • To use DHCP, enter:

     nmcli> set ipv4.method auto

     Skip this step if ipv4.method is already set to auto (default).

   • To set a static IPv4 address, network mask, default gateway, DNS servers, and search domain, enter:

     nmcli> ipv4.addresses 192.0.2.1/24
     Do you also want to set 'ipv4.method' to 'manual'? [yes]: yes
     nmcli> ipv4.gateway 192.0.2.254
     nmcli> ipv4.dns 192.0.2.200
     nmcli> ipv4.dns-search example.com

7. Configure the IPv6 settings:

   • To use stateless address autoconfiguration (SLAAC), enter:

     nmcli> set ipv6.method auto

     Skip this step if ipv6.method is already set to auto (default).

   • To set a static IPv6 address, network mask, default gateway, DNS servers, and search domain, enter:

     nmcli> ipv6.addresses 2001:db8:1::fffe/64
     Do you also want to set 'ipv6.method' to 'manual'? [yes]: yes
     nmcli> ipv6.gateway 2001:db8:1::fffe
     nmcli> ipv6.dns 2001:db8:1::ffbb
     nmcli> ipv6.dns-search example.com

8. Save and activate the connection:

   nmcli> save persistent

9. Leave the interactive mode:

   nmcli> quit

Verification

1. Display the IP settings of the NIC:

   # ip address show enp1s0
   2: enp1s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
       link/ether 52:54:00:17:b8:b6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
       inet 192.0.2.1/24 brd 192.0.2.255 scope global noprefixroute enp1s0
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
       inet6 2001:db8:1::fffe/64 scope global noprefixroute
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2. Display the IPv4 default gateway:

   # ip route show default
   default via 192.0.2.254 dev enp1s0 proto static metric 102

3. Display the IPv6 default gateway:

   # ip -6 route show default
   default via 2001:db8:1::ffee dev enp1s0 proto static metric 102 pref medium

4. Display the DNS settings:

   # cat /etc/resolv.conf
   search example.com
   nameserver 192.0.2.200
   nameserver 2001:db8:1::ffbb

   If multiple connection profiles are active at the same time, the order of nameserver entries depend on the DNS priority values in these profile and the connection types.

5. Use the ping utility to verify that this host can send packets to other hosts:

   # ping <host-name-or-IP-address>

Procedure

1. If you do not know the network device name you want to use in the connection, display the available devices:

   # nmcli device status
   DEVICE     TYPE      STATE                   CONNECTION
   enp1s0     ethernet  unavailable             --
   ...

2. Start nmtui:

   # nmtui

3. Select Edit a connection, and press Enter.

4. Choose whether to add a new connection profile or to modify an existing one:

   • To create a new profile:

     1. Press the Add button.
     2. Select Ethernet from the list of network types, and press Enter.
   • To modify an existing profile, select the profile from the list, and press Enter.

5. Optional: Update the name of the connection profile.

   On hosts with multiple profiles, a meaningful name makes it easier to identify the purpose of a profile.

6. If you create a new connection profile, enter the network device name into the Device field.

7. Depending on your environment, configure the IP address settings in the IPv4 configuration and IPv6 configuration areas accordingly. For this, press the button next to these areas, and select:

   • Disabled, if this connection does not require an IP address.
   • Automatic, if a DHCP server dynamically assigns an IP address to this NIC.

   • Manual, if the network requires static IP address settings. In this case, you must fill further fields:

     1. Press the Show button next to the protocol you want to configure to display additional fields.

     2. Press the Add button next to Addresses, and enter the IP address and the subnet mask in Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) format.

        If you do not specify a subnet mask, NetworkManager sets a /32 subnet mask for IPv4 addresses and /64 for IPv6 addresses.

     3. Enter the address of the default gateway.
     4. Press the Add button next to DNS servers, and enter the DNS server address.
     5. Press the Add button next to Search domains, and enter the DNS search domain.

   Figure 2.1. Example of an Ethernet connection with static IP address settings

   
8. Press the OK button to create and automatically activate the new connection.
9. Press the Back button to return to the main menu.
10. Select Quit, and press Enter to close the nmtui application.

Verification

1. Display the IP settings of the NIC:

   # ip address show enp1s0
   2: enp1s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
       link/ether 52:54:00:17:b8:b6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
       inet 192.0.2.1/24 brd 192.0.2.255 scope global noprefixroute enp1s0
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
       inet6 2001:db8:1::fffe/64 scope global noprefixroute
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2. Display the IPv4 default gateway:

   # ip route show default
   default via 192.0.2.254 dev enp1s0 proto static metric 102

3. Display the IPv6 default gateway:

   # ip -6 route show default
   default via 2001:db8:1::ffee dev enp1s0 proto static metric 102 pref medium

4. Display the DNS settings:

   # cat /etc/resolv.conf
   search example.com
   nameserver 192.0.2.200
   nameserver 2001:db8:1::ffbb

   If multiple connection profiles are active at the same time, the order of nameserver entries depend on the DNS priority values in these profile and the connection types.

5. Use the ping utility to verify that this host can send packets to other hosts:

   # ping <host-name-or-IP-address>

Procedure

1. Press the Super key, enter Settings, and press Enter.
2. Select Network in the navigation on the left.

3. Choose whether to add a new connection profile or to modify an existing one:

   • To create a new profile, click the + button next to the Ethernet entry.
   • To modify an existing profile, click the gear icon next to the profile entry.

4. Optional: On the Identity tab, update the name of the connection profile.

   On hosts with multiple profiles, a meaningful name makes it easier to identify the purpose of a profile.

5. Depending on your environment, configure the IP address settings on the IPv4 and IPv6 tabs accordingly:

   • To use DHCP or IPv6 stateless address autoconfiguration (SLAAC), select Automatic (DHCP) as method (default).

   • To set a static IP address, network mask, default gateway, DNS servers, and search domain, select Manual as method, and fill the fields on the tabs:

     

6. Depending on whether you add or modify a connection profile, click the Add or Apply button to save the connection.

   The GNOME control-center automatically activates the connection.

Verification

1. Display the IP settings of the NIC:

   # ip address show enp1s0
   2: enp1s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
       link/ether 52:54:00:17:b8:b6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
       inet 192.0.2.1/24 brd 192.0.2.255 scope global noprefixroute enp1s0
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
       inet6 2001:db8:1::fffe/64 scope global noprefixroute
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2. Display the IPv4 default gateway:

   # ip route show default
   default via 192.0.2.254 dev enp1s0 proto static metric 102

3. Display the IPv6 default gateway:

   # ip -6 route show default
   default via 2001:db8:1::ffee dev enp1s0 proto static metric 102 pref medium

4. Display the DNS settings:

   # cat /etc/resolv.conf
   search example.com
   nameserver 192.0.2.200
   nameserver 2001:db8:1::ffbb

   If multiple connection profiles are active at the same time, the order of nameserver entries depend on the DNS priority values in these profile and the connection types.

5. Use the ping utility to verify that this host can send packets to other hosts:

   # ping <host-name-or-IP-address>

Procedure

1. Open a terminal, and enter:

   $ nm-connection-editor

2. Choose whether to add a new connection profile or to modify an existing one:

   • To create a new profile:

     1. Click the + button
     2. Select Ethernet as connection type, and click Create.
   • To modify an existing profile, double-click the profile entry.

3. Optional: Update the name of the profile in the Connection Name field.

   On hosts with multiple profiles, a meaningful name makes it easier to identify the purpose of a profile.

4. If you create a new profile, select the device on the Ethernet tab:

   

5. Depending on your environment, configure the IP address settings on the IPv4 Settings and IPv6 Settings tabs accordingly:

   • To use DHCP or IPv6 stateless address autoconfiguration (SLAAC), select Automatic (DHCP) as method (default).

   • To set a static IP address, network mask, default gateway, DNS servers, and search domain, select Manual as method, and fill the fields on the tabs:

     
6. Click Save.
7. Close nm-connection-editor.

Verification

1. Display the IP settings of the NIC:

   # ip address show enp1s0
   2: enp1s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
       link/ether 52:54:00:17:b8:b6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
       inet 192.0.2.1/24 brd 192.0.2.255 scope global noprefixroute enp1s0
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
       inet6 2001:db8:1::fffe/64 scope global noprefixroute
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2. Display the IPv4 default gateway:

   # ip route show default
   default via 192.0.2.254 dev enp1s0 proto static metric 102

3. Display the IPv6 default gateway:

   # ip -6 route show default
   default via 2001:db8:1::ffee dev enp1s0 proto static metric 102 pref medium

4. Display the DNS settings:

   # cat /etc/resolv.conf
   search example.com
   nameserver 192.0.2.200
   nameserver 2001:db8:1::ffbb

   If multiple connection profiles are active at the same time, the order of nameserver entries depend on the DNS priority values in these profile and the connection types.

5. Use the ping utility to verify that this host can send packets to other hosts:

   # ping <host-name-or-IP-address>

Procedure

1. Create a YAML file, for example ~/create-ethernet-profile.yml, with the following content:

   ---
   interfaces:
   - name: enp1s0
     type: ethernet
     state: up
     ipv4:
       enabled: true
       address:
       - ip: 192.0.2.1
         prefix-length: 24
       dhcp: false
     ipv6:
       enabled: true
       address:
       - ip: 2001:db8:1::1
         prefix-length: 64
       autoconf: false
       dhcp: false
   routes:
     config:
     - destination: 0.0.0.0/0
       next-hop-address: 192.0.2.254
       next-hop-interface: enp1s0
     - destination: ::/0
       next-hop-address: 2001:db8:1::fffe
       next-hop-interface: enp1s0
   dns-resolver:
     config:
       search:
       - example.com
       server:
       - 192.0.2.200
       - 2001:db8:1::ffbb

   These settings define an Ethernet connection profile for the enp1s0 device with the following settings:

   • A static IPv4 address - 192.0.2.1 with the /24 subnet mask
   • A static IPv6 address - 2001:db8:1::1 with the /64 subnet mask
   • An IPv4 default gateway - 192.0.2.254
   • An IPv6 default gateway - 2001:db8:1::fffe
   • An IPv4 DNS server - 192.0.2.200
   • An IPv6 DNS server - 2001:db8:1::ffbb
   • A DNS search domain - example.com
   Note

   You can define identifier: mac-address and mac-address: <ACTUAL-NIC-MACADDRESS> properties directly to the interfaces property to identify the network interface card by its MAC address instead of its name (such as enp1s0).

   For example:

   ---
   interfaces:
   - name: <profile-name>
     type: ethernet
     identifier: mac-address
     mac-address: <ACTUAL-NIC-MACADDRESS>
     state: up
     ipv4:
       enabled: true
       auto-dns: true
       auto-gateway: true
       auto-routes: true
       dhcp: true
       ...

2. Apply the settings to the system:

   # nmstatectl apply ~/create-ethernet-profile.yml

Verification

1. Display the current state in YAML format:

   # nmstatectl show enp1s0

2. Display the IP settings of the NIC:

   # ip address show enp1s0
   2: enp1s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
       link/ether 52:54:00:17:b8:b6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
       inet 192.0.2.1/24 brd 192.0.2.255 scope global noprefixroute enp1s0
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
       inet6 2001:db8:1::fffe/64 scope global noprefixroute
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

3. Display the IPv4 default gateway:

   # ip route show default
   default via 192.0.2.254 dev enp1s0 proto static metric 102

4. Display the IPv6 default gateway:

   # ip -6 route show default
   default via 2001:db8:1::ffee dev enp1s0 proto static metric 102 pref medium

5. Display the DNS settings:

   # cat /etc/resolv.conf
   search example.com
   nameserver 192.0.2.200
   nameserver 2001:db8:1::ffbb

   If multiple connection profiles are active at the same time, the order of nameserver entries depend on the DNS priority values in these profile and the connection types.

6. Use the ping utility to verify that this host can send packets to other hosts:

   # ping <host-name-or-IP-address>

Procedure

1. Create a playbook file, for example ~/playbook.yml, with the following content:

   ---
   - name: Configure the network
     hosts: managed-node-01.example.com
     tasks:
       - name: Configure an Ethernet connection with static IP
         ansible.builtin.include_role:
           name: rhel-system-roles.network
         vars:
           network_connections:
             - name: enp1s0
               interface_name: enp1s0
               type: ethernet
               autoconnect: yes
               ip:
                 address:
                   - 192.0.2.1/24
                   - 2001:db8:1::1/64
                 gateway4: 192.0.2.254
                 gateway6: 2001:db8:1::fffe
                 dns:
                   - 192.0.2.200
                   - 2001:db8:1::ffbb
                 dns_search:
                   - example.com
               state: up

   These settings define an Ethernet connection profile for the enp1s0 device with the following settings:

   • A static IPv4 address - 192.0.2.1 with a /24 subnet mask
   • A static IPv6 address - 2001:db8:1::1 with a /64 subnet mask
   • An IPv4 default gateway - 192.0.2.254
   • An IPv6 default gateway - 2001:db8:1::fffe
   • An IPv4 DNS server - 192.0.2.200
   • An IPv6 DNS server - 2001:db8:1::ffbb
   • A DNS search domain - example.com

2. Validate the playbook syntax:

   $ ansible-playbook --syntax-check ~/playbook.yml

   Note that this command only validates the syntax and does not protect against a wrong but valid configuration.

3. Run the playbook:

   $ ansible-playbook ~/playbook.yml

Procedure

1. Create a playbook file, for example ~/playbook.yml, with the following content:

   ---
   - name: Configure the network
     hosts: managed-node-01.example.com
     tasks:
       - name: Configure an Ethernet connection with static IP
         ansible.builtin.include_role:
           name: rhel-system-roles.network
         vars:
           network_connections:
             - name: example
               match:
                 path:
                   - pci-0000:00:0[1-3].0
                   - &!pci-0000:00:02.0
               type: ethernet
               autoconnect: yes
               ip:
                 address:
                   - 192.0.2.1/24
                   - 2001:db8:1::1/64
                 gateway4: 192.0.2.254
                 gateway6: 2001:db8:1::fffe
                 dns:
                   - 192.0.2.200
                   - 2001:db8:1::ffbb
                 dns_search:
                   - example.com
               state: up

   These settings define an Ethernet connection profile with the following settings:

   • A static IPv4 address - 192.0.2.1 with a /24 subnet mask
   • A static IPv6 address - 2001:db8:1::1 with a /64 subnet mask
   • An IPv4 default gateway - 192.0.2.254
   • An IPv6 default gateway - 2001:db8:1::fffe
   • An IPv4 DNS server - 192.0.2.200
   • An IPv6 DNS server - 2001:db8:1::ffbb

   • A DNS search domain - example.com

     The match parameter in this example defines that Ansible applies the play to devices that match PCI ID 0000:00:0[1-3].0, but not 0000:00:02.0. For further details about special modifiers and wild cards you can use, see the match parameter description in the /usr/share/ansible/roles/rhel-system-roles.network/README.md file.

2. Validate the playbook syntax:

   $ ansible-playbook --syntax-check ~/playbook.yml

   Note that this command only validates the syntax and does not protect against a wrong but valid configuration.

3. Run the playbook:

   $ ansible-playbook ~/playbook.yml

Procedure

1. Create a YAML file, for example ~/create-ethernet-profile.yml, with the following content:

   ---
   interfaces:
   - name: enp1s0
     type: ethernet
     state: up
     ipv4:
       enabled: true
       auto-dns: true
       auto-gateway: true
       auto-routes: true
       dhcp: true
     ipv6:
       enabled: true
       auto-dns: true
       auto-gateway: true
       auto-routes: true
       autoconf: true
       dhcp: true

   These settings define an Ethernet connection profile for the enp1s0 device. The connection retrieves IPv4 addresses, IPv6 addresses, default gateway, routes, DNS servers, and search domains from a DHCP server and IPv6 stateless address autoconfiguration (SLAAC).

   Note

   You can define identifier: mac-address and mac-address: <ACTUAL-NIC-MACADDRESS> properties directly to the interfaces property to identify the network interface card by its MAC address instead of its name (such as enp1s0).

   For example:

   ---
   interfaces:
   - name: <profile-name>
     type: ethernet
     identifier: mac-address
     mac-address: <ACTUAL-NIC-MACADDRESS>
     state: up
     ipv4:
       enabled: true
       auto-dns: true
       auto-gateway: true
       auto-routes: true
       dhcp: true
       ...

2. Apply the settings to the system:

   # nmstatectl apply ~/create-ethernet-profile.yml

Verification

1. Display the current state in YAML format:

   # nmstatectl show enp1s0

2. Display the IP settings of the NIC:

   # ip address show enp1s0
   2: enp1s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
       link/ether 52:54:00:17:b8:b6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
       inet 192.0.2.1/24 brd 192.0.2.255 scope global noprefixroute enp1s0
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
       inet6 2001:db8:1::fffe/64 scope global noprefixroute
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

3. Display the IPv4 default gateway:

   # ip route show default
   default via 192.0.2.254 dev enp1s0 proto static metric 102

4. Display the IPv6 default gateway:

   # ip -6 route show default
   default via 2001:db8:1::ffee dev enp1s0 proto static metric 102 pref medium

5. Display the DNS settings:

   # cat /etc/resolv.conf
   search example.com
   nameserver 192.0.2.200
   nameserver 2001:db8:1::ffbb

   If multiple connection profiles are active at the same time, the order of nameserver entries depend on the DNS priority values in these profile and the connection types.

6. Use the ping utility to verify that this host can send packets to other hosts:

   # ping <host-name-or-IP-address>

Procedure

1. Create a playbook file, for example ~/playbook.yml, with the following content:

   ---
   - name: Configure the network
     hosts: managed-node-01.example.com
     tasks:
       - name: Configure an Ethernet connection with dynamic IP
         ansible.builtin.include_role:
           name: rhel-system-roles.network
         vars:
           network_connections:
             - name: enp1s0
               interface_name: enp1s0
               type: ethernet
               autoconnect: yes
               ip:
                 dhcp4: yes
                 auto6: yes
               state: up

   These settings define an Ethernet connection profile for the enp1s0 device. The connection retrieves IPv4 addresses, IPv6 addresses, default gateway, routes, DNS servers, and search domains from a DHCP server and IPv6 stateless address autoconfiguration (SLAAC).

2. Validate the playbook syntax:

   $ ansible-playbook --syntax-check ~/playbook.yml

   Note that this command only validates the syntax and does not protect against a wrong but valid configuration.

3. Run the playbook:

   $ ansible-playbook ~/playbook.yml

Procedure

1. Create a playbook file, for example ~/playbook.yml, with the following content:

   ---
   - name: Configure the network
     hosts: managed-node-01.example.com
     tasks:
       - name: Configure an Ethernet connection with dynamic IP
         ansible.builtin.include_role:
           name: rhel-system-roles.network
         vars:
           network_connections:
             - name: example
               match:
                 path:
                   - pci-0000:00:0[1-3].0
                   - &!pci-0000:00:02.0
               type: ethernet
               autoconnect: yes
               ip:
                 dhcp4: yes
                 auto6: yes
               state: up

   These settings define an Ethernet connection profile. The connection retrieves IPv4 addresses, IPv6 addresses, default gateway, routes, DNS servers, and search domains from a DHCP server and IPv6 stateless address autoconfiguration (SLAAC).

   The match parameter defines that Ansible applies the play to devices that match PCI ID 0000:00:0[1-3].0, but not 0000:00:02.0.

2. Validate the playbook syntax:

   $ ansible-playbook --syntax-check ~/playbook.yml

   Note that this command only validates the syntax and does not protect against a wrong but valid configuration.

3. Run the playbook:

   $ ansible-playbook ~/playbook.yml

Procedure

1. Add a connection profile that applies to all interface names starting with enp:

   # nmcli connection add con-name Example connection.multi-connect multiple match.interface-name enp* type ethernet

Verification

1. Display all settings of the single connection profile:

   # nmcli connection show Example
   connection.id:                      Example
   ...
   connection.multi-connect:           3 (multiple)
   match.interface-name:               enp*
   ...

   3 indicates the number of interfaces active on the connection profile at the same time, and not the number of network interfaces in the connection profile. The connection profile uses all devices that match the pattern in the match.interface-name parameter and, therefore, the connection profiles have the same Universally Unique Identifier (UUID).

2. Display the status of the connections:

   # nmcli connection show
   NAME                    UUID                    TYPE     DEVICE
   ...
   Example  6f22402e-c0cc-49cf-b702-eaf0cd5ea7d1  ethernet  enp7s0
   Example  6f22402e-c0cc-49cf-b702-eaf0cd5ea7d1  ethernet  enp8s0
   Example  6f22402e-c0cc-49cf-b702-eaf0cd5ea7d1  ethernet  enp9s0

Procedure

1. Identify the device path. For example, to display the device paths of all interfaces starting with enp, enter :

   # udevadm info /sys/class/net/enp* | grep ID_PATH=
   ...
   E: ID_PATH=pci-0000:07:00.0
   E: ID_PATH=pci-0000:08:00.0

2. Add a connection profile that applies to all PCI IDs matching the 0000:00:0[7-8].0 expression:

   # nmcli connection add type ethernet connection.multi-connect multiple match.path "pci-0000:07:00.0 pci-0000:08:00.0" con-name Example

Verification

1. Display the status of the connection:

   # nmcli connection show
   NAME   UUID     TYPE        DEVICE
   Example      9cee0958-512f-4203-9d3d-b57af1d88466  ethernet  enp7s0
   Example      9cee0958-512f-4203-9d3d-b57af1d88466  ethernet  enp8s0
   ...

2. To display all settings of the connection profile:

   # nmcli connection show Example
   connection.id:               Example
   ...
   connection.multi-connect:    3 (multiple)
   match.path:                  pci-0000:07:00.0,pci-0000:08:00.0
   ...

   This connection profile uses all devices with a PCI ID which match the pattern in the match.path parameter and, therefore, the connection profiles have the same Universally Unique Identifier (UUID).

Procedure

1. Create a bond interface:

   # nmcli connection add type bond con-name bond0 ifname bond0 bond.options "mode=active-backup"

   This command creates a bond named bond0 that uses the active-backup mode.

   To additionally set a Media Independent Interface (MII) monitoring interval, add the miimon=interval option to the bond.options property, for example:

   # nmcli connection add type bond con-name bond0 ifname bond0 bond.options "mode=active-backup,miimon=1000"

2. Display the network interfaces, and note names of interfaces you plan to add to the bond:

   # nmcli device status
   DEVICE   TYPE      STATE         CONNECTION
   enp7s0   ethernet  disconnected  --
   enp8s0   ethernet  disconnected  --
   bridge0  bridge    connected     bridge0
   bridge1  bridge    connected     bridge1
   ...

   In this example:

   • enp7s0 and enp8s0 are not configured. To use these devices as ports, add connection profiles in the next step.
   • bridge0 and bridge1 have existing connection profiles. To use these devices as ports, modify their profiles in the next step.

3. Assign interfaces to the bond:

   1. If the interfaces you want to assign to the bond are not configured, create new connection profiles for them:

      # nmcli connection add type ethernet slave-type bond con-name bond0-port1 ifname enp7s0 master bond0
      # nmcli connection add type ethernet slave-type bond con-name bond0-port2 ifname enp8s0 master bond0

      These commands create profiles for enp7s0 and enp8s0, and add them to the bond0 connection.

   2. To assign an existing connection profile to the bond:

      1. Set the master parameter of these connections to bond0:

         # nmcli connection modify bridge0 master bond0
         # nmcli connection modify bridge1 master bond0

         These commands assign the existing connection profiles named bridge0 and bridge1 to the bond0 connection.

      2. Reactivate the connections:

         # nmcli connection up bridge0
         # nmcli connection up bridge1

4. Configure the IPv4 settings:

   • To use this bond device as a port of other devices, enter:

     # nmcli connection modify bond0 ipv4.method disabled

   • To use DHCP, no action is required.

   • To set a static IPv4 address, network mask, default gateway, and DNS server to the bond0 connection, enter:

     # nmcli connection modify bond0 ipv4.addresses '192.0.2.1/24' ipv4.gateway '192.0.2.254' ipv4.dns '192.0.2.253' ipv4.dns-search 'example.com' ipv4.method manual

5. Configure the IPv6 settings:

   • To use this bond device as a port of other devices, enter:

     # nmcli connection modify bond0 ipv6.method disabled

   • To use stateless address autoconfiguration (SLAAC), no action is required.

   • To set a static IPv6 address, network mask, default gateway, and DNS server to the bond0 connection, enter:

     # nmcli connection modify bond0 ipv6.addresses '2001:db8:1::1/64' ipv6.gateway '2001:db8:1::fffe' ipv6.dns '2001:db8:1::fffd' ipv6.dns-search 'example.com' ipv6.method manual

6. Optional: If you want to set any parameters on the bond ports, use the following command:

   # nmcli connection modify bond0-port1 bond-port.<parameter> <value>

7. Activate the connection:

   # nmcli connection up bond0

8. Verify that the ports are connected, and the CONNECTION column displays the port’s connection name:

   # nmcli device
   DEVICE   TYPE      STATE      CONNECTION
   ...
   enp7s0   ethernet  connected  bond0-port1
   enp8s0   ethernet  connected  bond0-port2

   When you activate any port of the connection, NetworkManager also activates the bond, but not the other ports of it. You can configure that Red Hat Enterprise Linux enables all ports automatically when the bond is enabled:

   1. Enable the connection.autoconnect-slaves parameter of the bond’s connection:

      # nmcli connection modify bond0 connection.autoconnect-slaves 1

   2. Reactivate the bridge:

      # nmcli connection up bond0

Verification

1. Temporarily remove the network cable from the host.

   Note that there is no method to properly test link failure events using software utilities. Tools that deactivate connections, such as nmcli, show only the bonding driver’s ability to handle port configuration changes and not actual link failure events.

2. Display the status of the bond:

   # cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0

Procedure

1. Select the Networking tab in the navigation on the left side of the screen.
2. Click Add bond in the Interfaces section.
3. Enter the name of the bond device you want to create.
4. Select the interfaces that should be members of the bond.

5. Select the mode of the bond.

   If you select Active backup, the web console shows the additional field Primary in which you can select the preferred active device.

6. Set the link monitoring mode. For example, when you use the Adaptive load balancing mode, set it to ARP.

7. Optional: Adjust the monitoring interval, link up delay, and link down delay settings. Typically, you only change the defaults for troubleshooting purposes.

   
8. Click Apply.

9. By default, the bond uses a dynamic IP address. If you want to set a static IP address:

   1. Click the name of the bond in the Interfaces section.
   2. Click Edit next to the protocol you want to configure.
   3. Select Manual next to Addresses, and enter the IP address, prefix, and default gateway.
   4. In the DNS section, click the + button, and enter the IP address of the DNS server. Repeat this step to set multiple DNS servers.
   5. In the DNS search domains section, click the + button, and enter the search domain.

   6. If the interface requires static routes, configure them in the Routes section.

      
   7. Click Apply

Verification

1. Select the Networking tab in the navigation on the left side of the screen, and check if there is incoming and outgoing traffic on the interface:

   

2. Temporarily remove the network cable from the host.

   Note that there is no method to properly test link failure events using software utilities. Tools that deactivate connections, such as the web console, show only the bonding driver’s ability to handle member configuration changes and not actual link failure events.

3. Display the status of the bond:

   # cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0

Procedure

1. If you do not know the network device names on which you want configure a network bond, display the available devices:

   # nmcli device status
   DEVICE     TYPE      STATE                   CONNECTION
   enp7s0     ethernet  unavailable             --
   enp8s0     ethernet  unavailable             --
   ...

2. Start nmtui:

   # nmtui

3. Select Edit a connection, and press Enter.
4. Press the Add button.
5. Select Bond from the list of network types, and press Enter.

6. Optional: Enter a name for the NetworkManager profile to be created.

   On hosts with multiple profiles, a meaningful name makes it easier to identify the purpose of a profile.

7. Enter the bond device name to be created into the Device field.

8. Add ports to the bond to be created:

   1. Press the Add button next to the Slaves list.
   2. Select the type of the interface you want to add as port to the bond, for example, Ethernet.
   3. Optional: Enter a name for the NetworkManager profile to be created for this bond port.
   4. Enter the port’s device name into the Device field.

   5. Press the OK button to return to the window with the bond settings.

      Figure 3.1. Adding an Ethernet device as port to a bond

      
   6. Repeat these steps to add more ports to the bond.
9. Set the bond mode. Depending on the value you set, nmtui displays additional fields for settings that are related to the selected mode.

10. Depending on your environment, configure the IP address settings in the IPv4 configuration and IPv6 configuration areas accordingly. For this, press the button next to these areas, and select:

    • Disabled, if the bond does not require an IP address.
    • Automatic, if a DHCP server or stateless address autoconfiguration (SLAAC) dynamically assigns an IP address to the bond.

    • Manual, if the network requires static IP address settings. In this case, you must fill further fields:

      1. Press the Show button next to the protocol you want to configure to display additional fields.

      2. Press the Add button next to Addresses, and enter the IP address and the subnet mask in Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) format.

         If you do not specify a subnet mask, NetworkManager sets a /32 subnet mask for IPv4 addresses and /64 for IPv6 addresses.

      3. Enter the address of the default gateway.
      4. Press the Add button next to DNS servers, and enter the DNS server address.
      5. Press the Add button next to Search domains, and enter the DNS search domain.

    Figure 3.2. Example of a bond connection with static IP address settings

    
11. Press the OK button to create and automatically activate the new connection.
12. Press the Back button to return to the main menu.
13. Select Quit, and press Enter to close the nmtui application.

Verification

1. Temporarily remove the network cable from the host.

   Note that there is no method to properly test link failure events using software utilities. Tools that deactivate connections, such as nmcli, show only the bonding driver’s ability to handle port configuration changes and not actual link failure events.

2. Display the status of the bond:

   # cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0

Procedure

1. Open a terminal, and enter nm-connection-editor:

   $ nm-connection-editor

2. Click the + button to add a new connection.
3. Select the Bond connection type, and click Create.

4. On the Bond tab:

   1. Optional: Set the name of the bond interface in the Interface name field.

   2. Click the Add button to add a network interface as a port to the bond.

      1. Select the connection type of the interface. For example, select Ethernet for a wired connection.
      2. Optional: Set a connection name for the port.
      3. If you create a connection profile for an Ethernet device, open the Ethernet tab, and select in the Device field the network interface you want to add as a port to the bond. If you selected a different device type, configure it accordingly. Note that you can only use Ethernet interfaces in a bond that are not configured.
      4. Click Save.

   3. Repeat the previous step for each interface you want to add to the bond:

      

   4. Optional: Set other options, such as the Media Independent Interface (MII) monitoring interval.

5. Configure the IP address settings on both the IPv4 Settings and IPv6 Settings tabs:

   • To use this bridge device as a port of other devices, set the Method field to Disabled.
   • To use DHCP, leave the Method field at its default, Automatic (DHCP).

   • To use static IP settings, set the Method field to Manual and fill the fields accordingly:

     

6. Click Save.
7. Close nm-connection-editor.

Verification

1. Temporarily remove the network cable from the host.

   Note that there is no method to properly test link failure events using software utilities. Tools that deactivate connections, such as nmcli, show only the bonding driver’s ability to handle port configuration changes and not actual link failure events.

2. Display the status of the bond:

   # cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0

Procedure

1. Create a YAML file, for example ~/create-bond.yml, with the following content:

   ---
   interfaces:
   - name: bond0
     type: bond
     state: up
     ipv4:
       enabled: true
       address:
       - ip: 192.0.2.1
         prefix-length: 24
       dhcp: false
     ipv6:
       enabled: true
       address:
       - ip: 2001:db8:1::1
         prefix-length: 64
       autoconf: false
       dhcp: false
     link-aggregation:
       mode: active-backup
       port:
       - enp1s0
       - enp7s0
   - name: enp1s0
     type: ethernet
     state: up
   - name: enp7s0
     type: ethernet
     state: up
   
   routes:
     config:
     - destination: 0.0.0.0/0
       next-hop-address: 192.0.2.254
       next-hop-interface: bond0
     - destination: ::/0
       next-hop-address: 2001:db8:1::fffe
       next-hop-interface: bond0
   
   dns-resolver:
     config:
       search:
       - example.com
       server:
       - 192.0.2.200
       - 2001:db8:1::ffbb

   These settings define a network bond with the following settings:

   • Network interfaces in the bond: enp1s0 and enp7s0
   • Mode: active-backup
   • Static IPv4 address: 192.0.2.1 with a /24 subnet mask
   • Static IPv6 address: 2001:db8:1::1 with a /64 subnet mask
   • IPv4 default gateway: 192.0.2.254
   • IPv6 default gateway: 2001:db8:1::fffe
   • IPv4 DNS server: 192.0.2.200
   • IPv6 DNS server: 2001:db8:1::ffbb
   • DNS search domain: example.com

2. Apply the settings to the system:

   # nmstatectl apply ~/create-bond.yml

Verification

1. Display the status of the devices and connections:

   # nmcli device status
   DEVICE      TYPE      STATE      CONNECTION
   bond0       bond      connected  bond0

2. Display all settings of the connection profile:

   # nmcli connection show bond0
   connection.id:              bond0
   connection.uuid:            79cbc3bd-302e-4b1f-ad89-f12533b818ee
   connection.stable-id:       --
   connection.type:            bond
   connection.interface-name:  bond0
   ...

3. Display the connection settings in YAML format:

   # nmstatectl show bond0

Procedure

1. Create a playbook file, for example ~/playbook.yml, with the following content:

   ---
   - name: Configure the network
     hosts: managed-node-01.example.com
     tasks:
       - name: Configure a network bond that uses two Ethernet ports
         ansible.builtin.include_role:
           name: rhel-system-roles.network
         vars:
           network_connections:
             # Define the bond profile
             - name: bond0
               type: bond
               interface_name: bond0
               ip:
                 address:
                   - "192.0.2.1/24"
                   - "2001:db8:1::1/64"
                 gateway4: 192.0.2.254
                 gateway6: 2001:db8:1::fffe
                 dns:
                   - 192.0.2.200
                   - 2001:db8:1::ffbb
                 dns_search:
                   - example.com
               bond:
                 mode: active-backup
               state: up
   
             # Add an Ethernet profile to the bond
             - name: bond0-port1
               interface_name: enp7s0
               type: ethernet
               controller: bond0
               state: up
   
             # Add a second Ethernet profile to the bond
             - name: bond0-port2
               interface_name: enp8s0
               type: ethernet
               controller: bond0
               state: up

   These settings define a network bond with the following settings:

   • A static IPv4 address - 192.0.2.1 with a /24 subnet mask
   • A static IPv6 address - 2001:db8:1::1 with a /64 subnet mask
   • An IPv4 default gateway - 192.0.2.254
   • An IPv6 default gateway - 2001:db8:1::fffe
   • An IPv4 DNS server - 192.0.2.200
   • An IPv6 DNS server - 2001:db8:1::ffbb
   • A DNS search domain - example.com
   • Ports of the bond - enp7s0 and enp8s0

   • Bond mode - active-backup

     Note

     Set the IP configuration on the bond and not on the ports of the Linux bond.

2. Validate the playbook syntax:

   $ ansible-playbook --syntax-check ~/playbook.yml

   Note that this command only validates the syntax and does not protect against a wrong but valid configuration.

3. Run the playbook:

   $ ansible-playbook ~/playbook.yml

Procedure

1. Create a bond interface in active-backup mode:

   # nmcli connection add type bond con-name bond0 ifname bond0 bond.options "mode=active-backup"

   This command names both the interface and connection profile bond0.

2. Configure the IPv4 settings of the bond:

   • If a DHCP server in your network assigns IPv4 addresses to hosts, no action is required.

   • If your local network requires static IPv4 addresses, set the address, network mask, default gateway, DNS server, and DNS search domain to the bond0 connection:

     # nmcli connection modify bond0 ipv4.addresses '192.0.2.1/24'
     # nmcli connection modify bond0 ipv4.gateway '192.0.2.254'
     # nmcli connection modify bond0 ipv4.dns '192.0.2.253'
     # nmcli connection modify bond0 ipv4.dns-search 'example.com'
     # nmcli connection modify bond0 ipv4.method manual

3. Configure the IPv6 settings of the bond:

   • If your router or a DHCP server in your network assigns IPv6 addresses to hosts, no action is required.

   • If your local network requires static IPv6 addresses, set the address, network mask, default gateway, DNS server, and DNS search domain to the bond0 connection:

     # nmcli connection modify bond0 ipv6.addresses '2001:db8:1::1/64'
     # nmcli connection modify bond0 ipv6.gateway '2001:db8:1::fffe'
     # nmcli connection modify bond0 ipv6.dns '2001:db8:1::fffd'
     # nmcli connection modify bond0 ipv6.dns-search 'example.com'
     # nmcli connection modify bond0 ipv6.method manual

4. Display the connection profiles:

   # nmcli connection show
   NAME             UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE
   Docking_station  256dd073-fecc-339d-91ae-9834a00407f9  ethernet  enp11s0u1
   Wi-Fi            1f1531c7-8737-4c60-91af-2d21164417e8  wifi      wlp1s0
   ...

   You require the names of the connection profiles and the Ethernet device name in the next steps.

5. Assign the connection profile of the Ethernet connection to the bond:

   # nmcli connection modify Docking_station master bond0

6. Assign the connection profile of the Wi-Fi connection to the bond:

   # nmcli connection modify Wi-Fi master bond0

7. If your Wi-Fi network uses MAC filtering to allow only MAC addresses on a allow list to access the network, configure that NetworkManager dynamically assigns the MAC address of the active port to the bond:

   # nmcli connection modify bond0 +bond.options fail_over_mac=1

   With this setting, you must set only the MAC address of the Wi-Fi device to the allow list instead of the MAC address of both the Ethernet and Wi-Fi device.

8. Set the device associated with the Ethernet connection as primary device of the bond:

   # nmcli con modify bond0 +bond.options "primary=enp11s0u1"

   With this setting, the bond always uses the Ethernet connection if it is available.

9. Configure that NetworkManager automatically activates ports when the bond0 device is activated:

   # nmcli connection modify bond0 connection.autoconnect-slaves 1

10. Activate the bond0 connection:

    # nmcli connection up bond0

Procedure

1. Optional: Display the IP configuration of the team-team0 NetworkManager connection:

   # nmcli connection show team-team0 | egrep "^ip"
   ...
   ipv4.method:                            manual
   ipv4.dns:                               192.0.2.253
   ipv4.dns-search:                        example.com
   ipv4.addresses:                         192.0.2.1/24
   ipv4.gateway:                           192.0.2.254
   ...
   ipv6.method:                            manual
   ipv6.dns:                               2001:db8:1::fffd
   ipv6.dns-search:                        example.com
   ipv6.addresses:                         2001:db8:1::1/64
   ipv6.gateway:                           2001:db8:1::fffe
   ...

2. Export the configuration of the team0 device to a JSON file:

   # teamdctl team0 config dump actual > /tmp/team0.json

3. Remove the network team. For example, if you configured the team in NetworkManager, remove the team-team0 connection profile and the profiles of associated ports:

   # nmcli connection delete team-team0
   # nmcli connection delete team-team0-port1
   # nmcli connection delete team-team0-port2

4. Run the team2bond utility in dry-run mode to display nmcli commands that set up a network bond with similar settings as the team device:

   # team2bond --config=/tmp/team0.json --rename=bond0
   nmcli con add type bond ifname bond0 bond.options "mode=active-backup,num_grat_arp=1,num_unsol_na=1,resend_igmp=1,miimon=100,miimon=100"
   nmcli con add type ethernet ifname enp7s0 master bond0
   nmcli con add type ethernet ifname enp8s0 master bond0

   The first command contains two miimon options because the team configuration file contained two link_watch entries. Note that this does not affect the creation of the bond.

   If you bound services to the device name of the team and want to avoid updating or breaking these services, omit the --rename=bond0 option. In this case, team2bond uses the same interface name for the bond as for the team.

5. Verify that the options for the bond the team2bond utility suggested are correct.

6. Create the bond. You can execute the suggested nmcli commands or re-run the team2bond command with the --exec-cmd option:

   # team2bond --config=/tmp/team0.json --rename=bond0 --exec-cmd
   Connection 'bond-bond0' (0241a531-0c72-4202-80df-73eadfc126b5) successfully added.
   Connection 'bond-slave-enp7s0' (38489729-b624-4606-a784-1ccf01e2f6d6) successfully added.
   Connection 'bond-slave-enp8s0' (de97ec06-7daa-4298-9a71-9d4c7909daa1) successfully added.

   You require the name of the bond connection profile (bond-bond0) in the next steps.

7. Set the IPv4 settings that were previously configured on team-team0 to the bond-bond0 connection:

   # nmcli connection modify bond-bond0 ipv4.addresses '192.0.2.1/24'
   # nmcli connection modify bond-bond0 ipv4.gateway '192.0.2.254'
   # nmcli connection modify bond-bond0 ipv4.dns '192.0.2.253'
   # nmcli connection modify bond-bond0 ipv4.dns-search 'example.com'
   # nmcli connection modify bond-bond0 ipv4.method manual

8. Set the IPv6 settings that were previously configured on team-team0 to the bond-bond0 connection:

   # nmcli connection modify bond-bond0 ipv6.addresses '2001:db8:1::1/64'
   # nmcli connection modify bond-bond0 ipv6.gateway '2001:db8:1::fffe'
   # nmcli connection modify bond-bond0 ipv6.dns '2001:db8:1::fffd'
   # nmcli connection modify bond-bond0 ipv6.dns-search 'example.com'
   # nmcli connection modify bond-bond0 ipv6.method manual

9. Activate the connection:

   # nmcli connection up bond-bond0

Verification

1. Display the IP configuration of the bond-bond0 NetworkManager connection:

   # nmcli connection show bond-bond0 | egrep "^ip"
   ...
   ipv4.method:                            manual
   ipv4.dns:                               192.0.2.253
   ipv4.dns-search:                        example.com
   ipv4.addresses:                         192.0.2.1/24
   ipv4.gateway:                           192.0.2.254
   ...
   ipv6.method:                            manual
   ipv6.dns:                               2001:db8:1::fffd
   ipv6.dns-search:                        example.com
   ipv6.addresses:                         2001:db8:1::1/64
   ipv6.gateway:                           2001:db8:1::fffe
   ...

2. Display the status of the bond:

   # cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0
   Ethernet Channel Bonding Driver: v5.13.0-0.rc7.51.el9.x86_64
   
   Bonding Mode: fault-tolerance (active-backup)
   Primary Slave: None
   Currently Active Slave: enp7s0
   MII Status: up
   MII Polling Interval (ms): 100
   Up Delay (ms): 0
   Down Delay (ms): 0
   Peer Notification Delay (ms): 0
   
   Slave Interface: enp7s0
   MII Status: up
   Speed: Unknown
   Duplex: Unknown
   Link Failure Count: 0
   Permanent HW addr: 52:54:00:bf:b1:a9
   Slave queue ID: 0
   
   Slave Interface: enp8s0
   MII Status: up
   Speed: Unknown
   Duplex: Unknown
   Link Failure Count: 0
   Permanent HW addr: 52:54:00:04:36:0f
   Slave queue ID: 0

   In this example, both ports are up.

3. To verify that bonding failover works:

   1. Temporarily remove the network cable from the host. Note that there is no method to properly test link failure events using the command line.

   2. Display the status of the bond:

      # cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0

Procedure

1. Create a team interface:

   # nmcli connection add type team con-name team0 ifname team0 team.runner activebackup

   This command creates a network team named team0 that uses the activebackup runner.

2. Optionally, set a link watcher. For example, to set the ethtool link watcher in the team0 connection profile:

   # nmcli connection modify team0 team.link-watchers "name=ethtool"

   Link watchers support different parameters. To set parameters for a link watcher, specify them space-separated in the name property. Note that the name property must be surrounded by quotation marks. For example, to use the ethtool link watcher and set its delay-up parameter to 2500 milliseconds (2.5 seconds):

   # nmcli connection modify team0 team.link-watchers "name=ethtool delay-up=2500"

   To set multiple link watchers and each of them with specific parameters, the link watchers must be separated by a comma. The following example sets the ethtool link watcher with the delay-up parameter and the arp_ping link watcher with the source-host and target-host parameter:

   # nmcli connection modify team0 team.link-watchers "name=ethtool delay-up=2, name=arp_ping source-host=192.0.2.1 target-host=192.0.2.2"

3. Display the network interfaces, and note the names of the interfaces you want to add to the team:

   # nmcli device status
   DEVICE  TYPE      STATE         CONNECTION
   enp7s0  ethernet  disconnected  --
   enp8s0  ethernet  disconnected  --
   bond0   bond      connected  bond0
   bond1   bond      connected  bond1
   ...

   In this example:

   • enp7s0 and enp8s0 are not configured. To use these devices as ports, add connection profiles in the next step. Note that you can only use Ethernet interfaces in a team that are not assigned to any connection.
   • bond0 and bond1 have existing connection profiles. To use these devices as ports, modify their profiles in the next step.

4. Assign the port interfaces to the team:

   1. If the interfaces you want to assign to the team are not configured, create new connection profiles for them:

      # nmcli connection add type ethernet slave-type team con-name team0-port1 ifname enp7s0 master team0
      # nmcli connection add type ethernet slave-type team con-name team0-port2 ifname enp8s0 master team0

      These commands create profiles for enp7s0 and enp8s0, and add them to the team0 connection.

   2. To assign an existing connection profile to the team:

      1. Set the master parameter of these connections to team0:

         # nmcli connection modify bond0 master team0
         # nmcli connection modify bond1 master team0

         These commands assign the existing connection profiles named bond0 and bond1 to the team0 connection.

      2. Reactivate the connections:

         # nmcli connection up bond0
         # nmcli connection up bond1

5. Configure the IPv4 settings:

   • To use this team device as a port of other devices, enter:

     # nmcli connection modify team0 ipv4.method disabled

   • To use DHCP, no action is required.

   • To set a static IPv4 address, network mask, default gateway, and DNS server to the team0 connection, enter:

     # nmcli connection modify team0 ipv4.addresses '192.0.2.1/24' ipv4.gateway '192.0.2.254' ipv4.dns '192.0.2.253' ipv4.dns-search 'example.com' ipv4.method manual

6. Configure the IPv6 settings:

   • To use this team device as a port of other devices, enter:

     # nmcli connection modify team0 ipv6.method disabled

   • To use stateless address autoconfiguration (SLAAC), no action is required.

   • To set a static IPv6 address, network mask, default gateway, and DNS server to the team0 connection, enter:

     # nmcli connection modify team0 ipv6.addresses '2001:db8:1::1/64' ipv6.gateway '2001:db8:1::fffe' ipv6.dns '2001:db8:1::fffd' ipv6.dns-search 'example.com' ipv6.method manual

7. Activate the connection:

   # nmcli connection up team0

Procedure

1. Select the Networking tab in the navigation on the left side of the screen.
2. Click Add team in the Interfaces section.
3. Enter the name of the team device you want to create.
4. Select the interfaces that should be ports of the team.

5. Select the runner of the team.

   If you select Load balancing or 802.3ad LACP, the web console shows the additional field Balancer.

6. Set the link watcher:

   • If you select Ethtool, additionally, set a link up and link down delay.
   • If you set ARP ping or NSNA ping, additionally, set a ping interval and ping target.
   
7. Click Apply.

8. By default, the team uses a dynamic IP address. If you want to set a static IP address:

   1. Click the name of the team in the Interfaces section.
   2. Click Edit next to the protocol you want to configure.
   3. Select Manual next to Addresses, and enter the IP address, prefix, and default gateway.
   4. In the DNS section, click the + button, and enter the IP address of the DNS server. Repeat this step to set multiple DNS servers.
   5. In the DNS search domains section, click the + button, and enter the search domain.

   6. If the interface requires static routes, configure them in the Routes section.

      
   7. Click Apply

Verification

1. Select the Networking tab in the navigation on the left side of the screen, and check if there is incoming and outgoing traffic on the interface.

   

2. Display the status of the team:

   # teamdctl team0 state
   setup:
     runner: activebackup
   ports:
     enp7s0
       link watches:
         link summary: up
         instance[link_watch_0]:
           name: ethtool
           link: up
           down count: 0
     enp8s0
       link watches:
         link summary: up
         instance[link_watch_0]:
           name: ethtool
           link: up
           down count: 0
   runner:
     active port: enp7s0

   In this example, both ports are up.

Procedure

1. Open a terminal, and enter nm-connection-editor:

   $ nm-connection-editor

2. Click the + button to add a new connection.
3. Select the Team connection type, and click Create.

4. On the Team tab:

   1. Optional: Set the name of the team interface in the Interface name field.

   2. Click the Add button to add a new connection profile for a network interface and adding the profile as a port to the team.

      1. Select the connection type of the interface. For example, select Ethernet for a wired connection.
      2. Optional: Set a connection name for the port.
      3. If you create a connection profile for an Ethernet device, open the Ethernet tab, and select in the Device field the network interface you want to add as a port to the team. If you selected a different device type, configure it accordingly. Note that you can only use Ethernet interfaces in a team that are not assigned to any connection.
      4. Click Save.

   3. Repeat the previous step for each interface you want to add to the team.

      

   4. Click the Advanced button to set advanced options to the team connection.

      1. On the Runner tab, select the runner.
      2. On the Link Watcher tab, set the link watcher and its optional settings.
      3. Click OK.

5. Configure the IP address settings on both the IPv4 Settings and IPv6 Settings tabs:

   • To use this bridge device as a port of other devices, set the Method field to Disabled.
   • To use DHCP, leave the Method field at its default, Automatic (DHCP).

   • To use static IP settings, set the Method field to Manual and fill the fields accordingly:

     

6. Click Save.
7. Close nm-connection-editor.

Procedure

1. Display the network interfaces:

   # nmcli device status
   DEVICE   TYPE      STATE         CONNECTION
   enp1s0   ethernet  disconnected  enp1s0
   bridge0  bridge    connected     bridge0
   bond0    bond      connected     bond0
   ...

2. Create the VLAN interface. For example, to create a VLAN interface named vlan10 that uses enp1s0 as its parent interface and that tags packets with VLAN ID 10, enter:

   # nmcli connection add type vlan con-name vlan10 ifname vlan10 vlan.parent enp1s0 vlan.id 10

   Note that the VLAN must be within the range from 0 to 4094.

3. By default, the VLAN connection inherits the maximum transmission unit (MTU) from the parent interface. Optionally, set a different MTU value:

   # nmcli connection modify vlan10 ethernet.mtu 2000

4. Configure the IPv4 settings:

   • To use this VLAN device as a port of other devices, enter:

     # nmcli connection modify vlan10 ipv4.method disabled

   • To use DHCP, no action is required.

   • To set a static IPv4 address, network mask, default gateway, and DNS server to the vlan10 connection, enter:

     # nmcli connection modify vlan10 ipv4.addresses '192.0.2.1/24' ipv4.gateway '192.0.2.254' ipv4.dns '192.0.2.253' ipv4.method manual

5. Configure the IPv6 settings:

   • To use this VLAN device as a port of other devices, enter:

     # nmcli connection modify vlan10 ipv6.method disabled

   • To use stateless address autoconfiguration (SLAAC), no action is required.

   • To set a static IPv6 address, network mask, default gateway, and DNS server to the vlan10 connection, enter:

     # nmcli connection modify vlan10 ipv6.addresses '2001:db8:1::1/32' ipv6.gateway '2001:db8:1::fffe' ipv6.dns '2001:db8:1::fffd' ipv6.method manual

6. Activate the connection:

   # nmcli connection up vlan10

Procedure

1. Display the physical network devices:

   # nmcli device status
   DEVICE   TYPE      STATE         CONNECTION
   enp1s0  ethernet  connected      enp1s0
   ...

2. Create the base VLAN interface. For example, to create a base VLAN interface named vlan10 that uses enp1s0 as its parent interface and that tags packets with VLAN ID 10, enter:

   # nmcli connection add type vlan con-name vlan10 dev enp1s0 vlan.id 10

   Note that the VLAN must be within the range from 0 to 4094.

3. By default, the VLAN connection inherits the maximum transmission unit (MTU) from the parent interface. Optionally, set a different MTU value:

   # nmcli connection modify vlan10 ethernet.mtu 2000

4. Create the nested VLAN interface on top of the base VLAN interface:

   # nmcli connection add type vlan con-name vlan10.20 dev enp1s0.10 id 20 vlan.protocol 802.1ad

   This command creates a new VLAN connection with a name of vlan10.20 and a VLAN ID of 20 on the parent VLAN connection vlan10. The dev option specifies the parent network device. In this case it is enp1s0.10. The vlan.protocol option specifies the VLAN encapsulation protocol. In this case it is 802.1ad (Q-in-Q).

5. Configure the IPv4 settings of the nested VLAN interface:

   • To use DHCP, no action is required.

   • To set a static IPv4 address, network mask, default gateway, and DNS server to the vlan10.20 connection, enter:

     # nmcli connection modify vlan10.20 ipv4.method manual ipv4.addresses 192.0.2.1/24 ipv4.gateway 192.0.2.254 ipv4.dns 192.0.2.200

6. Configure the IPv6 settings of the nested VLAN interface:

   • To use stateless address autoconfiguration (SLAAC), no action is required.

   • To set a static IPv4 address, network mask, default gateway, and DNS server to the vlan10 connection, enter:

     # nmcli connection modify vlan10 ipv4.addresses '192.0.2.1/24' ipv4.gateway '192.0.2.254' ipv4.dns '192.0.2.253' ipv4.method manual

7. Activate the profile:

   # nmcli connection up vlan10.20

Verification

1. Verify the configuration of the nested VLAN interface:

   # ip -d addr show enp1s0.10.20
   10: enp1s0.10.20@enp1s0.10: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
       link/ether 52:54:00:d2:74:3e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff promiscuity 0 minmtu 0 maxmtu 65535
       vlan protocol 802.1ad id 20 <REORDER_HDR> numtxqueues 1 numrxqueues 1 gso_max_size 65536 gso_max_segs 65535 tso_max_size 65536 tso_max_segs 65535 gro_max_size 65536
       inet 192.0.2.1/24 brd 192.0.2.255 scope global noprefixroute enp1s0.10.20
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
       inet6 2001:db8:1::1/32 scope global noprefixroute
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
       inet6 fe80::ce3b:84c5:9ef8:d0e6/64 scope link noprefixroute
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

Procedure

1. Select the Networking tab in the navigation on the left side of the screen.
2. Click Add VLAN in the Interfaces section.
3. Select the parent device.
4. Enter the VLAN ID.

5. Enter the name of the VLAN device or keep the automatically-generated name.

   
6. Click Apply.

7. By default, the VLAN device uses a dynamic IP address. If you want to set a static IP address:

   1. Click the name of the VLAN device in the Interfaces section.
   2. Click Edit next to the protocol you want to configure.
   3. Select Manual next to Addresses, and enter the IP address, prefix, and default gateway.
   4. In the DNS section, click the + button, and enter the IP address of the DNS server. Repeat this step to set multiple DNS servers.
   5. In the DNS search domains section, click the + button, and enter the search domain.

   6. If the interface requires static routes, configure them in the Routes section.

      
   7. Click Apply

Procedure

1. If you do not know the network device name on which you want configure VLAN tagging, display the available devices:

   # nmcli device status
   DEVICE     TYPE      STATE                   CONNECTION
   enp1s0     ethernet  unavailable             --
   ...

2. Start nmtui:

   # nmtui

3. Select Edit a connection, and press Enter.
4. Press the Add button.
5. Select VLAN from the list of network types, and press Enter.

6. Optional: Enter a name for the NetworkManager profile to be created.

   On hosts with multiple profiles, a meaningful name makes it easier to identify the purpose of a profile.

7. Enter the VLAN device name to be created into the Device field.
8. Enter the name of the device on which you want to configure VLAN tagging into the Parent field.
9. Enter the VLAN ID. The ID must be within the range from 0 to 4094.

10. Depending on your environment, configure the IP address settings in the IPv4 configuration and IPv6 configuration areas accordingly. For this, press the button next to these areas, and select:

    • Disabled, if this VLAN device does not require an IP address or you want to use it as a port of other devices.
    • Automatic, if a DHCP server or stateless address autoconfiguration (SLAAC) dynamically assigns an IP address to the VLAN device.

    • Manual, if the network requires static IP address settings. In this case, you must fill further fields:

      1. Press the Show button next to the protocol you want to configure to display additional fields.

      2. Press the Add button next to Addresses, and enter the IP address and the subnet mask in Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) format.

         If you do not specify a subnet mask, NetworkManager sets a /32 subnet mask for IPv4 addresses and /64 for IPv6 addresses.

      3. Enter the address of the default gateway.
      4. Press the Add button next to DNS servers, and enter the DNS server address.
      5. Press the Add button next to Search domains, and enter the DNS search domain.

    Figure 5.1. Example of a VLAN connection with static IP address settings

    
11. Press the OK button to create and automatically activate the new connection.
12. Press the Back button to return to the main menu.
13. Select Quit, and press Enter to close the nmtui application.

Procedure

1. Open a terminal, and enter nm-connection-editor:

   $ nm-connection-editor

2. Click the + button to add a new connection.
3. Select the VLAN connection type, and click Create.

4. On the VLAN tab:

   1. Select the parent interface.
   2. Select the VLAN id. Note that the VLAN must be within the range from 0 to 4094.
   3. By default, the VLAN connection inherits the maximum transmission unit (MTU) from the parent interface. Optionally, set a different MTU value.

   4. Optionally, set the name of the VLAN interface and further VLAN-specific options.

      

5. Configure the IP address settings on both the IPv4 Settings and IPv6 Settings tabs:

   • To use this bridge device as a port of other devices, set the Method field to Disabled.
   • To use DHCP, leave the Method field at its default, Automatic (DHCP).

   • To use static IP settings, set the Method field to Manual and fill the fields accordingly:

     

6. Click Save.
7. Close nm-connection-editor.

Verification

1. Verify the settings:

   # ip -d addr show vlan10
   4: vlan10@enp1s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
       link/ether 52:54:00:d5:e0:fb brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff promiscuity 0
       vlan protocol 802.1Q id 10 <REORDER_HDR> numtxqueues 1 numrxqueues 1 gso_max_size 65536 gso_max_segs 65535
       inet 192.0.2.1/24 brd 192.0.2.255 scope global noprefixroute vlan10
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
       inet6 2001:db8:1::1/32 scope global noprefixroute
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
       inet6 fe80::8dd7:9030:6f8e:89e6/64 scope link noprefixroute
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

Procedure

1. Create a YAML file, for example ~/create-vlan.yml, with the following content:

   ---
   interfaces:
   - name: vlan10
     type: vlan
     state: up
     ipv4:
       enabled: true
       address:
       - ip: 192.0.2.1
         prefix-length: 24
       dhcp: false
     ipv6:
       enabled: true
       address:
       - ip: 2001:db8:1::1
         prefix-length: 64
       autoconf: false
       dhcp: false
     vlan:
       base-iface: enp1s0
       id: 10
   - name: enp1s0
     type: ethernet
     state: up
   
   routes:
     config:
     - destination: 0.0.0.0/0
       next-hop-address: 192.0.2.254
       next-hop-interface: vlan10
     - destination: ::/0
       next-hop-address: 2001:db8:1::fffe
       next-hop-interface: vlan10
   
   dns-resolver:
     config:
       search:
       - example.com
       server:
       - 192.0.2.200
       - 2001:db8:1::ffbb

   These settings define a VLAN with ID 10 that uses the enp1s0 device. As the child device, the VLAN connection has the following settings:

   • A static IPv4 address - 192.0.2.1 with the /24 subnet mask
   • A static IPv6 address - 2001:db8:1::1 with the /64 subnet mask
   • An IPv4 default gateway - 192.0.2.254
   • An IPv6 default gateway - 2001:db8:1::fffe
   • An IPv4 DNS server - 192.0.2.200
   • An IPv6 DNS server - 2001:db8:1::ffbb
   • A DNS search domain - example.com

2. Apply the settings to the system:

   # nmstatectl apply ~/create-vlan.yml

Verification

1. Display the status of the devices and connections:

   # nmcli device status
   DEVICE      TYPE      STATE      CONNECTION
   vlan10      vlan      connected  vlan10

2. Display all settings of the connection profile:

   # nmcli connection show vlan10
   connection.id:              vlan10
   connection.uuid:            1722970f-788e-4f81-bd7d-a86bf21c9df5
   connection.stable-id:       --
   connection.type:            vlan
   connection.interface-name:  vlan10
   ...

3. Display the connection settings in YAML format:

   # nmstatectl show vlan0

Procedure

1. Create a playbook file, for example ~/playbook.yml, with the following content:

   ---
   - name: Configure the network
     hosts: managed-node-01.example.com
     tasks:
       - name: Configure a VLAN that uses an Ethernet connection
         ansible.builtin.include_role:
           name: rhel-system-roles.network
         vars:
           network_connections:
             # Add an Ethernet profile for the underlying device of the VLAN
             - name: enp1s0
               type: ethernet
               interface_name: enp1s0
               autoconnect: yes
               state: up
               ip:
                 dhcp4: no
                 auto6: no
   
             # Define the VLAN profile
             - name: enp1s0.10
               type: vlan
               ip:
                 address:
                   - "192.0.2.1/24"
                   - "2001:db8:1::1/64"
                 gateway4: 192.0.2.254
                 gateway6: 2001:db8:1::fffe
                 dns:
                   - 192.0.2.200
                   - 2001:db8:1::ffbb
                 dns_search:
                   - example.com
               vlan_id: 10
               parent: enp1s0
               state: up

   These settings define a VLAN to operate on top of the enp1s0 device. The VLAN interface has the following settings:

   • A static IPv4 address - 192.0.2.1 with a /24 subnet mask
   • A static IPv6 address - 2001:db8:1::1 with a /64 subnet mask
   • An IPv4 default gateway - 192.0.2.254
   • An IPv6 default gateway - 2001:db8:1::fffe
   • An IPv4 DNS server - 192.0.2.200
   • An IPv6 DNS server - 2001:db8:1::ffbb
   • A DNS search domain - example.com

   • VLAN ID - 10

     The parent attribute in the VLAN profile configures the VLAN to operate on top of the enp1s0 device. As the child device, the VLAN connection contains the IP, default gateway, and DNS configurations.

2. Validate the playbook syntax:

   $ ansible-playbook --syntax-check ~/playbook.yml

   Note that this command only validates the syntax and does not protect against a wrong but valid configuration.

3. Run the playbook:

   $ ansible-playbook ~/playbook.yml

Procedure

1. Create a bridge interface:

   # nmcli connection add type bridge con-name bridge0 ifname bridge0

   This command creates a bridge named bridge0, enter:

2. Display the network interfaces, and note the names of the interfaces you want to add to the bridge:

   # nmcli device status
   DEVICE  TYPE      STATE         CONNECTION
   enp7s0  ethernet  disconnected  --
   enp8s0  ethernet  disconnected  --
   bond0   bond      connected     bond0
   bond1   bond      connected     bond1
   ...

   In this example:

   • enp7s0 and enp8s0 are not configured. To use these devices as ports, add connection profiles in the next step.
   • bond0 and bond1 have existing connection profiles. To use these devices as ports, modify their profiles in the next step.

3. Assign the interfaces to the bridge.

   1. If the interfaces you want to assign to the bridge are not configured, create new connection profiles for them:

      # nmcli connection add type ethernet slave-type bridge con-name bridge0-port1 ifname enp7s0 master bridge0
      # nmcli connection add type ethernet slave-type bridge con-name bridge0-port2 ifname enp8s0 master bridge0

      These commands create profiles for enp7s0 and enp8s0, and add them to the bridge0 connection.

   2. If you want to assign an existing connection profile to the bridge:

      1. Set the master parameter of these connections to bridge0:

         # nmcli connection modify bond0 master bridge0
         # nmcli connection modify bond1 master bridge0

         These commands assign the existing connection profiles named bond0 and bond1 to the bridge0 connection.

      2. Reactivate the connections:

         # nmcli connection up bond0
         # nmcli connection up bond1

4. Configure the IPv4 settings:

   • To use this bridge device as a port of other devices, enter:

     # nmcli connection modify bridge0 ipv4.method disabled

   • To use DHCP, no action is required.

   • To set a static IPv4 address, network mask, default gateway, and DNS server to the bridge0 connection, enter:

     # nmcli connection modify bridge0 ipv4.addresses '192.0.2.1/24' ipv4.gateway '192.0.2.254' ipv4.dns '192.0.2.253' ipv4.dns-search 'example.com' ipv4.method manual

5. Configure the IPv6 settings:

   • To use this bridge device as a port of other devices, enter:

     # nmcli connection modify bridge0 ipv6.method disabled

   • To use stateless address autoconfiguration (SLAAC), no action is required.

   • To set a static IPv6 address, network mask, default gateway, and DNS server to the bridge0 connection, enter:

     # nmcli connection modify bridge0 ipv6.addresses '2001:db8:1::1/64' ipv6.gateway '2001:db8:1::fffe' ipv6.dns '2001:db8:1::fffd' ipv6.dns-search 'example.com' ipv6.method manual

6. Optional: Configure further properties of the bridge. For example, to set the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) priority of bridge0 to 16384, enter:

   # nmcli connection modify bridge0 bridge.priority '16384'

   By default, STP is enabled.

7. Activate the connection:

   # nmcli connection up bridge0

8. Verify that the ports are connected, and the CONNECTION column displays the port’s connection name:

   # nmcli device
   DEVICE   TYPE      STATE      CONNECTION
   ...
   enp7s0   ethernet  connected  bridge0-port1
   enp8s0   ethernet  connected  bridge0-port2

   When you activate any port of the connection, NetworkManager also activates the bridge, but not the other ports of it. You can configure that Red Hat Enterprise Linux enables all ports automatically when the bridge is enabled:

   1. Enable the connection.autoconnect-slaves parameter of the bridge connection:

      # nmcli connection modify bridge0 connection.autoconnect-slaves 1

   2. Reactivate the bridge:

      # nmcli connection up bridge0

Procedure

1. Select the Networking tab in the navigation on the left side of the screen.
2. Click Add bridge in the Interfaces section.
3. Enter the name of the bridge device you want to create.
4. Select the interfaces that should be ports of the bridge.

5. Optional: Enable the Spanning tree protocol (STP) feature to avoid bridge loops and broadcast radiation.

   
6. Click Apply.

7. By default, the bridge uses a dynamic IP address. If you want to set a static IP address:

   1. Click the name of the bridge in the Interfaces section.
   2. Click Edit next to the protocol you want to configure.
   3. Select Manual next to Addresses, and enter the IP address, prefix, and default gateway.
   4. In the DNS section, click the + button, and enter the IP address of the DNS server. Repeat this step to set multiple DNS servers.
   5. In the DNS search domains section, click the + button, and enter the search domain.

   6. If the interface requires static routes, configure them in the Routes section.

      
   7. Click Apply

Verification

1. Select the Networking tab in the navigation on the left side of the screen, and check if there is incoming and outgoing traffic on the interface:

   

Procedure

1. If you do not know the network device names on which you want configure a network bridge, display the available devices:

   # nmcli device status
   DEVICE     TYPE      STATE                   CONNECTION
   enp7s0     ethernet  unavailable             --
   enp8s0     ethernet  unavailable             --
   ...

2. Start nmtui:

   # nmtui

3. Select Edit a connection, and press Enter.
4. Press the Add button.
5. Select Bridge from the list of network types, and press Enter.

6. Optional: Enter a name for the NetworkManager profile to be created.

   On hosts with multiple profiles, a meaningful name makes it easier to identify the purpose of a profile.

7. Enter the bridge device name to be created into the Device field.

8. Add ports to the bridge to be created:

   1. Press the Add button next to the Slaves list.
   2. Select the type of the interface you want to add as port to the bridge, for example, Ethernet.
   3. Optional: Enter a name for the NetworkManager profile to be created for this bridge port.
   4. Enter the port’s device name into the Device field.

   5. Press the OK button to return to the window with the bridge settings.

      Figure 6.1. Adding an Ethernet device as port to a bridge

      
   6. Repeat these steps to add more ports to the bridge.

9. Depending on your environment, configure the IP address settings in the IPv4 configuration and IPv6 configuration areas accordingly. For this, press the button next to these areas, and select:

   • Disabled, if the bridge does not require an IP address.
   • Automatic, if a DHCP server or stateless address autoconfiguration (SLAAC) dynamically assigns an IP address to the bridge.

   • Manual, if the network requires static IP address settings. In this case, you must fill further fields:

     1. Press the Show button next to the protocol you want to configure to display additional fields.

     2. Press the Add button next to Addresses, and enter the IP address and the subnet mask in Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) format.

        If you do not specify a subnet mask, NetworkManager sets a /32 subnet mask for IPv4 addresses and /64 for IPv6 addresses.

     3. Enter the address of the default gateway.
     4. Press the Add button next to DNS servers, and enter the DNS server address.
     5. Press the Add button next to Search domains, and enter the DNS search domain.

   Figure 6.2. Example of a bridge connection without IP address settings

   
10. Press the OK button to create and automatically activate the new connection.
11. Press the Back button to return to the main menu.
12. Select Quit, and press Enter to close the nmtui application.

Verification

1. Use the ip utility to display the link status of Ethernet devices that are ports of a specific bridge:

   # ip link show master bridge0
   3: enp7s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel master bridge0 state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
       link/ether 52:54:00:62:61:0e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
   4: enp8s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel master bridge0 state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
       link/ether 52:54:00:9e:f1:ce brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

2. Use the bridge utility to display the status of Ethernet devices that are ports of any bridge device:

   # bridge link show
   3: enp7s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 master bridge0 state forwarding priority 32 cost 100
   4: enp8s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 master bridge0 state listening priority 32 cost 100
   ...

   To display the status for a specific Ethernet device, use the bridge link show dev ethernet_device_name command.

Procedure

1. Open a terminal, and enter nm-connection-editor:

   $ nm-connection-editor

2. Click the + button to add a new connection.
3. Select the Bridge connection type, and click Create.

4. On the Bridge tab:

   1. Optional: Set the name of the bridge interface in the Interface name field.

   2. Click the Add button to create a new connection profile for a network interface and adding the profile as a port to the bridge.

      1. Select the connection type of the interface. For example, select Ethernet for a wired connection.
      2. Optionally, set a connection name for the port device.
      3. If you create a connection profile for an Ethernet device, open the Ethernet tab, and select in the Device field the network interface you want to add as a port to the bridge. If you selected a different device type, configure it accordingly.
      4. Click Save.

   3. Repeat the previous step for each interface you want to add to the bridge.

      

5. Optional: Configure further bridge settings, such as Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) options.

6. Configure the IP address settings on both the IPv4 Settings and IPv6 Settings tabs:

   • To use this bridge device as a port of other devices, set the Method field to Disabled.
   • To use DHCP, leave the Method field at its default, Automatic (DHCP).

   • To use static IP settings, set the Method field to Manual and fill the fields accordingly:

     

7. Click Save.
8. Close nm-connection-editor.

Procedure

1. Create a YAML file, for example ~/create-bridge.yml, with the following content:

   ---
   interfaces:
   - name: bridge0
     type: linux-bridge
     state: up
     ipv4:
       enabled: true
       address:
       - ip: 192.0.2.1
         prefix-length: 24
       dhcp: false
     ipv6:
       enabled: true
       address:
       - ip: 2001:db8:1::1
         prefix-length: 64
       autoconf: false
       dhcp: false
     bridge:
       options:
         stp:
           enabled: true
       port:
         - name: enp1s0
         - name: enp7s0
   - name: enp1s0
     type: ethernet
     state: up
   - name: enp7s0
     type: ethernet
     state: up
   
   routes:
     config:
     - destination: 0.0.0.0/0
       next-hop-address: 192.0.2.254
       next-hop-interface: bridge0
     - destination: ::/0
       next-hop-address: 2001:db8:1::fffe
       next-hop-interface: bridge0
   dns-resolver:
     config:
       search:
       - example.com
       server:
       - 192.0.2.200
       - 2001:db8:1::ffbb

   These settings define a network bridge with the following settings:

   • Network interfaces in the bridge: enp1s0 and enp7s0
   • Spanning Tree Protocol (STP): Enabled
   • Static IPv4 address: 192.0.2.1 with the /24 subnet mask
   • Static IPv6 address: 2001:db8:1::1 with the /64 subnet mask
   • IPv4 default gateway: 192.0.2.254
   • IPv6 default gateway: 2001:db8:1::fffe
   • IPv4 DNS server: 192.0.2.200
   • IPv6 DNS server: 2001:db8:1::ffbb
   • DNS search domain: example.com

2. Apply the settings to the system:

   # nmstatectl apply ~/create-bridge.yml

Verification

1. Display the status of the devices and connections:

   # nmcli device status
   DEVICE      TYPE      STATE      CONNECTION
   bridge0     bridge    connected  bridge0

2. Display all settings of the connection profile:

   # nmcli connection show bridge0
   connection.id:              bridge0
   connection.uuid:            e2cc9206-75a2-4622-89cf-1252926060a9
   connection.stable-id:       --
   connection.type:            bridge
   connection.interface-name:  bridge0
   ...

3. Display the connection settings in YAML format:

   # nmstatectl show bridge0

Procedure

1. Create a playbook file, for example ~/playbook.yml, with the following content:

   ---
   - name: Configure the network
     hosts: managed-node-01.example.com
     tasks:
       - name: Configure a network bridge that uses two Ethernet ports
         ansible.builtin.include_role:
           name: rhel-system-roles.network
         vars:
           network_connections:
             # Define the bridge profile
             - name: bridge0
               type: bridge
               interface_name: bridge0
               ip:
                 address:
                   - "192.0.2.1/24"
                   - "2001:db8:1::1/64"
                 gateway4: 192.0.2.254
                 gateway6: 2001:db8:1::fffe
                 dns:
                   - 192.0.2.200
                   - 2001:db8:1::ffbb
                 dns_search:
                   - example.com
               state: up
   
             # Add an Ethernet profile to the bridge
             - name: bridge0-port1
               interface_name: enp7s0
               type: ethernet
               controller: bridge0
               port_type: bridge
               state: up
   
             # Add a second Ethernet profile to the bridge
             - name: bridge0-port2
               interface_name: enp8s0
               type: ethernet
               controller: bridge0
               port_type: bridge
               state: up

   These settings define a network bridge with the following settings:

   • A static IPv4 address - 192.0.2.1 with a /24 subnet mask
   • A static IPv6 address - 2001:db8:1::1 with a /64 subnet mask
   • An IPv4 default gateway - 192.0.2.254
   • An IPv6 default gateway - 2001:db8:1::fffe
   • An IPv4 DNS server - 192.0.2.200
   • An IPv6 DNS server - 2001:db8:1::ffbb
   • A DNS search domain - example.com

   • Ports of the bridge - enp7s0 and enp8s0

     Note

     Set the IP configuration on the bridge and not on the ports of the Linux bridge.

2. Validate the playbook syntax:

   $ ansible-playbook --syntax-check ~/playbook.yml

   Note that this command only validates the syntax and does not protect against a wrong but valid configuration.

3. Run the playbook:

   $ ansible-playbook ~/playbook.yml

Procedure

1. Press the Super key, type Settings, and press Enter to open the control-center application.
2. Select the Network entry on the left.
3. Click the + icon.
4. Select VPN.

5. Select the Identity menu entry to see the basic configuration options:

   General

   Gateway — The name or IP address of the remote VPN gateway.

   Authentication

   Type

   • IKEv2 (Certificate)- client is authenticated by certificate. It is more secure (default).

   • IKEv1 (XAUTH) - client is authenticated by user name and password, or a pre-shared key (PSK).

     The following configuration settings are available under the Advanced section:

     Figure 7.1. Advanced options of a VPN connection

     
     Warning

     When configuring an IPsec-based VPN connection using the gnome-control-center application, the Advanced dialog displays the configuration, but it does not allow any changes. As a consequence, users cannot change any advanced IPsec options. Use the nm-connection-editor or nmcli tools instead to perform configuration of the advanced properties.

     Identification

   • Domain — If required, enter the Domain Name.

     Security

   • Phase1 Algorithms — corresponds to the ike Libreswan parameter — enter the algorithms to be used to authenticate and set up an encrypted channel.

   • Phase2 Algorithms — corresponds to the esp Libreswan parameter — enter the algorithms to be used for the IPsec negotiations.

     Check the Disable PFS field to turn off Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS) to ensure compatibility with old servers that do not support PFS.

   • Phase1 Lifetime — corresponds to the ikelifetime Libreswan parameter — how long the key used to encrypt the traffic will be valid.

   • Phase2 Lifetime — corresponds to the salifetime Libreswan parameter — how long a particular instance of a connection should last before expiring.

     Note that the encryption key should be changed from time to time for security reasons.

   • Remote network — corresponds to the rightsubnet Libreswan parameter — the destination private remote network that should be reached through the VPN.

     Check the narrowing field to enable narrowing. Note that it is only effective in IKEv2 negotiation.

   • Enable fragmentation — corresponds to the fragmentation Libreswan parameter — whether or not to allow IKE fragmentation. Valid values are yes (default) or no.
   • Enable Mobike — corresponds to the mobike Libreswan parameter — whether to allow Mobility and Multihoming Protocol (MOBIKE, RFC 4555) to enable a connection to migrate its endpoint without needing to restart the connection from scratch. This is used on mobile devices that switch between wired, wireless, or mobile data connections. The values are no (default) or yes.

6. Select the IPv4 menu entry:

   IPv4 Method

   • Automatic (DHCP) — Choose this option if the network you are connecting to uses a DHCP server to assign dynamic IP addresses.
   • Link-Local Only — Choose this option if the network you are connecting to does not have a DHCP server and you do not want to assign IP addresses manually. Random addresses will be assigned as per RFC 3927 with prefix 169.254/16.
   • Manual — Choose this option if you want to assign IP addresses manually.

   • Disable — IPv4 is disabled for this connection.

     DNS

     In the DNS section, when Automatic is ON, switch it to OFF to enter the IP address of a DNS server you want to use separating the IPs by comma.

     Routes

     Note that in the Routes section, when Automatic is ON, routes from DHCP are used, but you can also add additional static routes. When OFF, only static routes are used.

   • Address — Enter the IP address of a remote network or host.
   • Netmask — The netmask or prefix length of the IP address entered above.
   • Gateway — The IP address of the gateway leading to the remote network or host entered above.

   • Metric — A network cost, a preference value to give to this route. Lower values will be preferred over higher values.

     Use this connection only for resources on its network

     Select this check box to prevent the connection from becoming the default route. Selecting this option means that only traffic specifically destined for routes learned automatically over the connection or entered here manually is routed over the connection.

7. To configure IPv6 settings in a VPN connection, select the IPv6 menu entry:

   IPv6 Method

   • Automatic — Choose this option to use IPv6 Stateless Address AutoConfiguration (SLAAC) to create an automatic, stateless configuration based on the hardware address and Router Advertisements (RA).
   • Automatic, DHCP only — Choose this option to not use RA, but request information from DHCPv6 directly to create a stateful configuration.
   • Link-Local Only — Choose this option if the network you are connecting to does not have a DHCP server and you do not want to assign IP addresses manually. Random addresses will be assigned as per RFC 4862 with prefix FE80::0.
   • Manual — Choose this option if you want to assign IP addresses manually.

   • Disable — IPv6 is disabled for this connection.

     Note that DNS, Routes, Use this connection only for resources on its network are common to IPv4 settings.

8. Once you have finished editing the VPN connection, click the Add button to customize the configuration or the Apply button to save it for the existing one.
9. Switch the profile to ON to active the VPN connection.

Procedure

1. Edit the Libreswan configuration file in the /etc/ipsec.d/ directory of the connection that should use automatic detection of ESP hardware offload support.
2. Ensure the nic-offload parameter is not set in the connection’s settings.

3. If you removed nic-offload, restart the ipsec service:

   # systemctl restart ipsec

1. Display the tx_ipsec and rx_ipsec counters of the Ethernet device the IPsec connection uses:

   # ethtool -S enp1s0 | egrep "_ipsec"
        tx_ipsec: 10
        rx_ipsec: 10

2. Send traffic through the IPsec tunnel. For example, ping a remote IP address:

   # ping -c 5 remote_ip_address

3. Display the tx_ipsec and rx_ipsec counters of the Ethernet device again:

   # ethtool -S enp1s0 | egrep "_ipsec"
        tx_ipsec: 15
        rx_ipsec: 15

   If the counter values have increased, ESP hardware offload works.

Procedure

1. Enable ESP hardware offload support on the network bond:

   # nmcli connection modify bond0 ethtool.feature-esp-hw-offload on

   This command enables ESP hardware offload support on the bond0 connection.

2. Reactivate the bond0 connection:

   # nmcli connection up bond0

3. Edit the Libreswan configuration file in the /etc/ipsec.d/ directory of the connection that should use ESP hardware offload, and append the nic-offload=yes statement to the connection entry:

   conn example
       ...
       nic-offload=yes

4. Restart the ipsec service:

   # systemctl restart ipsec

Verification

1. Display the active port of the bond:

   # grep "Currently Active Slave" /proc/net/bonding/bond0
   Currently Active Slave: enp1s0

2. Display the tx_ipsec and rx_ipsec counters of the active port:

   # ethtool -S enp1s0 | egrep "_ipsec"
        tx_ipsec: 10
        rx_ipsec: 10

3. Send traffic through the IPsec tunnel. For example, ping a remote IP address:

   # ping -c 5 remote_ip_address

4. Display the tx_ipsec and rx_ipsec counters of the active port again:

   # ethtool -S enp1s0 | egrep "_ipsec"
        tx_ipsec: 15
        rx_ipsec: 15

   If the counter values have increased, ESP hardware offload works.

1. WireGuard reads the destination IP from the packet and compares it to the list of allowed IP addresses in the local configuration. If the peer is not found, WireGuard drops the packet.
2. If the peer is valid, WireGuard encrypts the packet using the peer’s public key.
3. The sending host looks up the most recent Internet IP address of the host and sends the encrypted packet to it.

1. WireGuard decrypts the packet using the private key of the remote host.
2. WireGuard reads the internal source address from the packet and looks up whether the IP is configured in the list of allowed IP addresses in the settings for the peer on the local host. If the source IP is on the allowlist, WireGuard accepts the packet. If the IP address is not on the list, WireGuard drops the packet.

Procedure

1. Install the wireguard-tools package:

   # dnf install wireguard-tools

2. Create a private key and a corresponding public key for the host:

   # wg genkey | tee /etc/wireguard/$HOSTNAME.private.key | wg pubkey > /etc/wireguard/$HOSTNAME.public.key

   You will need the content of the key files, but not the files themselves. However, Red Hat recommends keeping the files in case that you need to remember the keys in future.

3. Set secure permissions on the key files:

   # chmod 600 /etc/wireguard/$HOSTNAME.private.key /etc/wireguard/$HOSTNAME.public.key

4. Display the private key:

   # cat /etc/wireguard/$HOSTNAME.private.key
   YFAnE0psgIdiAF7XR4abxiwVRnlMfeltxu10s/c4JXg=

   You will need the private key to configure the WireGuard connection on the local host. Do not share the private key.

5. Display the public key:

   # cat /etc/wireguard/$HOSTNAME.public.key
   UtjqCJ57DeAscYKRfp7cFGiQqdONRn69u249Fa4O6BE=

   You will need the public key to configure the WireGuard connection on the remote host.

Procedure

1. Add a NetworkManager WireGuard connection profile:

   # nmcli connection add type wireguard con-name server-wg0 ifname wg0 autoconnect no

   This command creates a profile named server-wg0 and assigns the virtual interface wg0 to it. To prevent the connection from starting automatically after you add it without finalizing the configuration, disable the autoconnect parameter.

2. Set the tunnel IPv4 address and subnet mask of the server:

   # nmcli connection modify server-wg0 ipv4.method manual ipv4.addresses 192.0.2.1/24

3. Set the tunnel IPv6 address and subnet mask of the server:

   # nmcli connection modify server-wg0 ipv6.method manual ipv6.addresses 2001:db8:1::1/32

4. Add the server’s private key to the connection profile:

   # nmcli connection modify server-wg0 wireguard.private-key "YFAnE0psgIdiAF7XR4abxiwVRnlMfeltxu10s/c4JXg="

5. Set the port for incoming WireGuard connections:

   # nmcli connection modify server-wg0 wireguard.listen-port 51820

   Always set a fixed port number on hosts that receive incoming WireGuard connections. If you do not set a port, WireGuard uses a random free port each time you activate the wg0 interface.

6. Add peer configurations for each client that you want to allow to communicate with this server. You must add these settings manually, because the nmcli utility does not support setting the corresponding connection properties.

   1. Edit the /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/server-wg0.nmconnection file, and append:

      [wireguard-peer.bnwfQcC8/g2i4vvEqcRUM2e6Hi3Nskk6G9t4r26nFVM=]
      allowed-ips=192.0.2.2;2001:db8:1::2;

      • The [wireguard-peer.<public_key_of_the_client>] entry defines the peer section of the client, and the section name contains the public key of the client.

      • The allowed-ips parameter sets the tunnel IP addresses of the client that are allowed to send data to this server.

        Add a section for each client.

   2. Reload the server-wg0 connection profile:

      # nmcli connection load /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/server-wg0.nmconnection

7. Optional: Configure the connection to start automatically, enter:

   # nmcli connection modify server-wg0 autoconnect yes

8. Reactivate the server-wg0 connection:

   # nmcli connection up server-wg0

Verification

1. Display the interface configuration of the wg0 device:

   # wg show wg0
   interface: wg0
     public key: UtjqCJ57DeAscYKRfp7cFGiQqdONRn69u249Fa4O6BE=
     private key: (hidden)
     listening port: 51820
   
   peer: bnwfQcC8/g2i4vvEqcRUM2e6Hi3Nskk6G9t4r26nFVM=
     allowed ips: 192.0.2.2/32, 2001:db8:1::2/128

   To display the private key in the output, use the WG_HIDE_KEYS=never wg show wg0 command.

2. Display the IP configuration of the wg0 device:

   # ip address show wg0
   20: wg0: <POINTOPOINT,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1420 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
       link/none
       inet 192.0.2.1/24 brd 192.0.2.255 scope global noprefixroute wg0
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
       inet6 2001:db8:1::1/32 scope global noprefixroute
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
       inet6 fe80::3ef:8863:1ce2:844/64 scope link noprefixroute
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

Procedure

1. Start the nmtui application:

   # nmtui

2. Select Edit a connection, and press Enter.
3. Select Add, and press Enter.
4. Select the WireGuard connection type in the list, and press Enter.

5. In the Edit connection window:

   1. Enter the name of the connection and the virtual interface, such as wg0, that NetworkManager should assign to the connection.
   2. Enter the private key of the server.

   3. Set the listen port number, such as 51820, for incoming WireGuard connections.

      Always set a fixed port number on hosts that receive incoming WireGuard connections. If you do not set a port, WireGuard uses a random free port each time you activate the interface.

      

   4. Click Add next to the Peers pane:

      1. Enter the public key of the client.
      2. Set the Allowed IPs field to the tunnel IP addresses of the client that are allowed to send data to this server.

      3. Select OK, and press Enter.

         

   5. Select Show next to IPv4 Configuration, and press Enter.

      1. Select the IPv4 configuration method Manual.
      2. Enter the tunnel IPv4 address and the subnet mask. Leave the Gateway field empty.

   6. Select Show next to IPv6 Configuration, and press Enter.

      1. Select the IPv6 configuration method Manual.
      2. Enter the tunnel IPv6 address and the subnet mask. Leave the Gateway field empty.

   7. Select OK, and press Enter

      
6. In the window with the list of connections, select Back, and press Enter.
7. In the NetworkManager TUI main window, select Quit, and press Enter.

Verification

1. Display the interface configuration of the wg0 device:

   # wg show wg0
   interface: wg0
     public key: UtjqCJ57DeAscYKRfp7cFGiQqdONRn69u249Fa4O6BE=
     private key: (hidden)
     listening port: 51820
   
   peer: bnwfQcC8/g2i4vvEqcRUM2e6Hi3Nskk6G9t4r26nFVM=
     allowed ips: 192.0.2.2/32, 2001:db8:1::2/128

   To display the private key in the output, use the WG_HIDE_KEYS=never wg show wg0 command.

2. Display the IP configuration of the wg0 device:

   # ip address show wg0
   20: wg0: <POINTOPOINT,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1420 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
       link/none
       inet 192.0.2.1/24 brd 192.0.2.255 scope global noprefixroute wg0
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
       inet6 2001:db8:1::1/32 scope global noprefixroute
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
       inet6 fe80::3ef:8863:1ce2:844/64 scope link noprefixroute
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

Procedure

1. Open a terminal, and enter:

   # nm-connection-editor

2. Add a new connection by clicking the + button.
3. Select the WireGuard connection type, and click Create.
4. Optional: Update the connection name.
5. On the General tab, select Connect automatically with priority. Optionally, set a priority value.

6. On the WireGuard tab:

   1. Enter the name of the virtual interface, such as wg0, that NetworkManager should assign to the connection.
   2. Enter the private key of the server.

   3. Set the listen port number, such as 51820, for incoming WireGuard connections.

      Always set a fixed port number on hosts that receive incoming WireGuard connections. If you do not set a port, WireGuard uses a random free port each time you activate the interface.

   4. Click Add to add peers:

      1. Enter the public key of the client.
      2. Set the Allowed IPs field to the tunnel IP addresses of the client that are allowed to send data to this server.
      3. Click Apply.

7. On the IPv4 Settings tab:

   1. Select Manual in the Method list.
   2. Click Add to enter the tunnel IPv4 address and the subnet mask. Leave the Gateway field empty.

8. On the IPv6 Settings tab:

   1. Select Manual in the Method list.
   2. Click Add to enter the tunnel IPv6 address and the subnet mask. Leave the Gateway field empty.
9. Click Save to store the connection profile.

Verification

1. Display the interface configuration of the wg0 device:

   # wg show wg0
   interface: wg0
     public key: UtjqCJ57DeAscYKRfp7cFGiQqdONRn69u249Fa4O6BE=
     private key: (hidden)
     listening port: 51820
   
   peer: bnwfQcC8/g2i4vvEqcRUM2e6Hi3Nskk6G9t4r26nFVM=
     allowed ips: 192.0.2.2/32, 2001:db8:1::2/128

   To display the private key in the output, use the WG_HIDE_KEYS=never wg show wg0 command.

2. Display the IP configuration of the wg0 device:

   # ip address show wg0
   20: wg0: <POINTOPOINT,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1420 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
       link/none
       inet 192.0.2.1/24 brd 192.0.2.255 scope global noprefixroute wg0
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
       inet6 2001:db8:1::1/32 scope global noprefixroute
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
       inet6 fe80::3ef:8863:1ce2:844/64 scope link noprefixroute
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

Procedure

1. Install the wireguard-tools package:

   # dnf install wireguard-tools

2. Create the /etc/wireguard/wg0.conf file with the following content:

   [Interface]
   Address = 192.0.2.1/24, 2001:db8:1::1/32
   ListenPort = 51820
   PrivateKey = YFAnE0psgIdiAF7XR4abxiwVRnlMfeltxu10s/c4JXg=
   
   [Peer]
   PublicKey = bnwfQcC8/g2i4vvEqcRUM2e6Hi3Nskk6G9t4r26nFVM=
   AllowedIPs = 192.0.2.2, 2001:db8:1::2

   • The [Interface] section describes the WireGuard settings of the interface on the server:

     • Address: A comma-separated list of the server’s tunnel IP addresses.
     • PrivateKey: The private key of the server.

     • ListenPort: The port on which WireGuard listens for incoming UDP connections.

       Always set a fixed port number on hosts that receive incoming WireGuard connections. If you do not set a port, WireGuard uses a random free port each time you activate the wg0 interface.

   • Each [Peer] section describes the settings of one client:

     • PublicKey: The public key of the client.
     • AllowedIPs: The tunnel IP addresses of the client that are allowed to send data to this server.

3. Enable and start the WireGuard connection:

   # systemctl enable --now wg-quick@wg0

   The systemd instance name must match the name of the configuration file in the /etc/wireguard/ directory without the .conf suffix. The service also uses this name for the virtual network interface.

Verification

1. Display the interface configuration of the wg0 device:

   # wg show wg0
   interface: wg0
     public key: UtjqCJ57DeAscYKRfp7cFGiQqdONRn69u249Fa4O6BE=
     private key: (hidden)
     listening port: 51820
   
   peer: bnwfQcC8/g2i4vvEqcRUM2e6Hi3Nskk6G9t4r26nFVM=
     allowed ips: 192.0.2.2/32, 2001:db8:1::2/128

   To display the private key in the output, use the WG_HIDE_KEYS=never wg show wg0 command.

2. Display the IP configuration of the wg0 device:

   # ip address show wg0
   20: wg0: <POINTOPOINT,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1420 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
       link/none
       inet 192.0.2.1/24 scope global wg0
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
       inet6 2001:db8:1::1/32 scope global
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

Procedure

1. Open the WireGuard port for incoming connections in the firewalld service:

   # firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=51820/udp --zone=public

2. If clients should route all traffic through the tunnel and use the WireGuard server as the default gateway, enable masquerading for the public zone:

   # firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-masquerade

3. Reload the firewalld rules.

   # firewall-cmd --reload

Procedure

1. Press the Super key, enter firewall, and select the Firewall application from the results.
2. Select Permanent in the Configuration list.
3. Select the public zone.

4. Allow incoming connections to the WireGuard port:

   1. On the Ports tab, click Add.
   2. Enter the port number you set for incoming WireGuard connections:
   3. Select udp from the Protocol list.
   4. Click OK.

5. If clients should route all traffic through the tunnel and use the WireGuard server as the default gateway:

   1. Navigate to the Masquerading tab of the public zone.
   2. Select Masquerade zone.
6. Select Options → Reload Firewalld.

Procedure

1. Add a NetworkManager WireGuard connection profile:

   # nmcli connection add type wireguard con-name client-wg0 ifname wg0 autoconnect no

   This command creates a profile named client-wg0 and assigns the virtual interface wg0 to it. To prevent the connection from starting automatically after you add it without finalizing the configuration, disable the autoconnect parameter.

2. Optional: Configure NetworkManager so that it does not automatically start the client-wg connection:

   # nmcli connection modify client-wg0 autoconnect no

3. Set the tunnel IPv4 address and subnet mask of the client:

   # nmcli connection modify client-wg0 ipv4.method manual ipv4.addresses 192.0.2.2/24

4. Set the tunnel IPv6 address and subnet mask of the client:

   # nmcli connection modify client-wg0 ipv6.method manual ipv6.addresses 2001:db8:1::2/32

5. If you want to route all traffic through the tunnel, set the tunnel IP addresses of the server as the default gateway:

   # nmcli connection modify client-wg0 ipv4.gateway 192.0.2.1 ipv6.gateway 2001:db8:1::1

   Routing all traffic through the tunnel requires that you set, in a later step, the allowed-ips on the this client to 0.0.0.0/0;::/0.

   Note that routing all traffic through the tunnel can impact the connectivity to other hosts based on the server routing and firewall configuration.

6. Add the client’s private key to the connection profile:

   # nmcli connection modify client-wg0 wireguard.private-key "aPUcp5vHz8yMLrzk8SsDyYnV33IhE/k20e52iKJFV0A="

7. Add peer configurations for each server that you want to allow to communicate with this client. You must add these settings manually, because the nmcli utility does not support setting the corresponding connection properties.

   1. Edit the /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/client-wg0.nmconnection file, and append:

      [wireguard-peer.UtjqCJ57DeAscYKRfp7cFGiQqdONRn69u249Fa4O6BE=]
      endpoint=server.example.com:51820
      allowed-ips=192.0.2.1;2001:db8:1::1;
      persistent-keepalive=20

      • The [wireguard-peer.<public_key_of_the_server>] entry defines the peer section of the server, and the section name has the public key of the server.
      • The endpoint parameter sets the hostname or IP address and the port of the server. The client uses this information to establish the connection.

      • The allowed-ips parameter sets a list of IP addresses that can send data to this client. For example, set the parameter to:

        • The tunnel IP addresses of the server to allow only the server to communicate with this client. The value in the example above configures this scenario.
        • 0.0.0.0/0;::/0; to allow any remote IPv4 and IPv6 address to communicate with this client. Use this setting to route all traffic through the tunnel and use the WireGuard server as default gateway.
      • The optional persistent-keepalive parameter defines an interval in seconds in which WireGuard sends a keep alive packet to the server. Set this parameter if you use the client in a network with network address translation (NAT) or if a firewall closes the UDP connection after some time of inactivity.

   2. Reload the client-wg0 connection profile:

      # nmcli connection load /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/client-wg0.nmconnection

8. Reactivate the client-wg0 connection:

   # nmcli connection up client-wg0

Verification

1. Ping the IP addresses of the server:

   # ping 192.0.2.1
   # ping6 2001:db8:1::1

2. Display the interface configuration of the wg0 device:

   # wg show wg0
   interface: wg0
     public key: bnwfQcC8/g2i4vvEqcRUM2e6Hi3Nskk6G9t4r26nFVM=
     private key: (hidden)
     listening port: 51820
   
   peer: UtjqCJ57DeAscYKRfp7cFGiQqdONRn69u249Fa4O6BE=
     endpoint: server.example.com:51820
     allowed ips: 192.0.2.1/32, 2001:db8:1::1/128
     latest handshake: 1 minute, 41 seconds ago
     transfer: 824 B received, 1.01 KiB sent
     persistent keepalive: every 20 seconds

   To display the private key in the output, use the WG_HIDE_KEYS=never wg show wg0 command.

   Note that the output has only the latest handshake and transfer entries if you have already sent traffic through the VPN tunnel.

3. Display the IP configuration of the wg0 device:

   # ip address show wg0
   10: wg0: <POINTOPOINT,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1420 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
       link/none
       inet 192.0.2.2/24 brd 192.0.2.255 scope global noprefixroute wg0
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
       inet6 2001:db8:1::2/32 scope global noprefixroute
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
       inet6 fe80::73d9:6f51:ea6f:863e/64 scope link noprefixroute
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

Procedure

1. Start the nmtui application:

   # nmtui

2. Select Edit a connection, and press Enter.
3. Select Add, and press Enter.
4. Select the WireGuard connection type in the list, and press Enter.

5. In the Edit connection window:

   1. Enter the name of the connection and the virtual interface, such as wg0, that NetworkManager should assign to the connection.

   2. Enter the private key of the client.

      

   3. Click Add next to the Peers pane:

      1. Enter the public key of the server.

      2. Set the Allowed IPs field. For example, set it to:

         • The tunnel IP addresses of the server to allow only the server to communicate with this client.
         • 0.0.0.0/0,::/0 to allow any remote IPv4 and IPv6 address to communicate with this client. Use this setting to route all traffic through the tunnel and use the WireGuard server as default gateway.
      3. Enter the host name or IP address and port of the WireGuard server into the Endpoint field. Use the following format: hostname_or_IP:port_number
      4. Optional: If you use the client in a network with network address translation (NAT) or if a firewall closes the UDP connection after some time of inactivity, set a persistent keep alive interval in seconds. In this interval, the client sends a keepalive packet to the server.

      5. Select OK, and press Enter.

         

   4. Select Show next to IPv4 Configuration, and press Enter.

      1. Select the IPv4 configuration method Manual.
      2. Enter the tunnel IPv4 address and the subnet mask. Leave the Gateway field empty.

   5. Select Show next to IPv6 Configuration, and press Enter.

      1. Select the IPv6 configuration method Manual.
      2. Enter the tunnel IPv6 address and the subnet mask. Leave the Gateway field empty.
   6. Optional: Select Automatically connect.

   7. Select OK, and press Enter

      
6. In the window with the list of connections, select Back, and press Enter.
7. In the NetworkManager TUI main window, select Quit, and press Enter.

Verification

1. Ping the IP addresses of the server:

   # ping 192.0.2.1
   # ping6 2001:db8:1::1

2. Display the interface configuration of the wg0 device:

   # wg show wg0
   interface: wg0
     public key: bnwfQcC8/g2i4vvEqcRUM2e6Hi3Nskk6G9t4r26nFVM=
     private key: (hidden)
     listening port: 51820
   
   peer: UtjqCJ57DeAscYKRfp7cFGiQqdONRn69u249Fa4O6BE=
     endpoint: server.example.com:51820
     allowed ips: 192.0.2.1/32, 2001:db8:1::1/128
     latest handshake: 1 minute, 41 seconds ago
     transfer: 824 B received, 1.01 KiB sent
     persistent keepalive: every 20 seconds

   To display the private key in the output, use the WG_HIDE_KEYS=never wg show wg0 command.

   Note that the output contains only the latest handshake and transfer entries if you have already sent traffic through the VPN tunnel.

3. Display the IP configuration of the wg0 device:

   # ip address show wg0
   10: wg0: <POINTOPOINT,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1420 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
       link/none
       inet 192.0.2.2/24 brd 192.0.2.255 scope global noprefixroute wg0
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
       inet6 2001:db8:1::2/32 scope global noprefixroute
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
       inet6 fe80::73d9:6f51:ea6f:863e/64 scope link noprefixroute
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

Procedure

1. Open a terminal, and enter:

   # nm-connection-editor

2. Add a new connection by clicking the + button.
3. Select the WireGuard connection type, and click Create.
4. Optional: Update the connection name.
5. Optional: On the General tab, select Connect automatically with priority.

6. On the WireGuard tab:

   1. Enter the name of the virtual interface, such as wg0, that NetworkManager should assign to the connection.
   2. Enter client’s private key.

   3. Click Add to add peers:

      1. Enter the public key of the server.

      2. Set the Allowed IPs field. For example, set it to:

         • The tunnel IP addresses of the server to allow only the server to communicate with this client.

         • 0.0.0.0/0;::/0; to allow any remote IPv4 and IPv6 address to communicate with this client. Use this setting to route all traffic through the tunnel and use the WireGuard server as default gateway.

           Note that routing all traffic through the tunnel can impact the connectivity to other hosts based on the server routing and firewall configuration.

      3. Enter the hostname or IP address and port of the WireGuard server into the Endpoint field. Use the following format: hostname_or_IP:port_number
      4. Optional: If you use the client in a network with network address translation (NAT) or if a firewall closes the UDP connection after some time of inactivity, set a persistent keep alive interval in seconds. In this interval, the client sends a keep alive packet to the server.
      5. Click Apply.

7. On the IPv4 Settings tab:

   1. Select Manual in the Method list.
   2. Click Add to enter the tunnel IPv4 address and the subnet mask.

   3. If you want to route all traffic through the tunnel, set the tunnel IPv4 address of the server in the Gateway field. Otherwise, leave the field empty.

      Routing all IPv4 traffic through the tunnel requires that you included 0.0.0.0/0 in the Allowed IPs field on this client.

8. On the IPv6 Settings tab:

   1. Select Manual in the Method list.
   2. Click Add to enter the tunnel IPv6 address and the subnet mask.

   3. If you want to route all traffic through the tunnel, set the tunnel IPv6 address of the server in the Gateway field. Otherwise, leave the field empty.

      Routing all IPv4 traffic through the tunnel requires that you included ::/0 in the Allowed IPs field on this client.

9. Click Save to store the connection profile.

Verification

1. Ping the IP addresses of the server:

   # ping 192.0.2.1
   # ping6 2001:db8:1::1

2. Display the interface configuration of the wg0 device:

   # wg show wg0
   interface: wg0
     public key: bnwfQcC8/g2i4vvEqcRUM2e6Hi3Nskk6G9t4r26nFVM=
     private key: (hidden)
     listening port: 51820
   
   peer: UtjqCJ57DeAscYKRfp7cFGiQqdONRn69u249Fa4O6BE=
     endpoint: server.example.com:51820
     allowed ips: 192.0.2.1/32, 2001:db8:1::1/128
     latest handshake: 1 minute, 41 seconds ago
     transfer: 824 B received, 1.01 KiB sent
     persistent keepalive: every 20 seconds

   To display the private key in the output, use the WG_HIDE_KEYS=never wg show wg0 command.

   Note that the output only has the latest handshake and transfer entries if you have already sent traffic through the VPN tunnel.

3. Display the IP configuration of the wg0 device:

   # ip address show wg0
   10: wg0: <POINTOPOINT,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1420 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
       link/none
       inet 192.0.2.2/24 brd 192.0.2.255 scope global noprefixroute wg0
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
       inet6 2001:db8:1::2/32 scope global noprefixroute
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
       inet6 fe80::73d9:6f51:ea6f:863e/64 scope link noprefixroute
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

Procedure

1. Install the wireguard-tools package:

   # dnf install wireguard-tools

2. Create the /etc/wireguard/wg0.conf file with the following content:

   [Interface]
   Address = 192.0.2.2/24, 2001:db8:1::2/32
   PrivateKey = aPUcp5vHz8yMLrzk8SsDyYnV33IhE/k20e52iKJFV0A=
   
   [Peer]
   PublicKey = UtjqCJ57DeAscYKRfp7cFGiQqdONRn69u249Fa4O6BE=
   AllowedIPs = 192.0.2.1, 2001:db8:1::1
   Endpoint = server.example.com:51820
   PersistentKeepalive = 20

   • The [Interface] section describes the WireGuard settings of the interface on the client:

     • Address: A comma-separated list of the client’s tunnel IP addresses.
     • PrivateKey: The private key of the client.

   • The [Peer] section describes the settings of the server:

     • PublicKey: The public key of the server.

     • AllowedIPs: The IP addresses that are allowed to send data to this client. For example, set the parameter to:

       • The tunnel IP addresses of the server to allow only the server to communicate with this client. The value in the example above configures this scenario.
       • 0.0.0.0/0, ::/0 to allow any remote IPv4 and IPv6 address to communicate with this client. Use this setting to route all traffic through the tunnel and use the WireGuard server as default gateway.
     • Endpoint: Sets the hostname or IP address and the port of the server. The client uses this information to establish the connection.
     • The optional persistent-keepalive parameter defines an interval in seconds in which WireGuard sends a keepalive packet to the server. Set this parameter if you use the client in a network with network address translation (NAT) or if a firewall closes the UDP connection after some time of inactivity.

3. Enable and start the WireGuard connection:

   # systemctl enable --now wg-quick@wg0

   The systemd instance name must match the name of the configuration file in the /etc/wireguard/ directory without the .conf suffix. The service also uses this name for the virtual network interface.

Verification

1. Ping the IP addresses of the server:

   # ping 192.0.2.1
   # ping6 2001:db8:1::1

2. Display the interface configuration of the wg0 device:

   # wg show wg0
   interface: wg0
     public key: bnwfQcC8/g2i4vvEqcRUM2e6Hi3Nskk6G9t4r26nFVM=
     private key: (hidden)
     listening port: 51820
   
   peer: UtjqCJ57DeAscYKRfp7cFGiQqdONRn69u249Fa4O6BE=
     endpoint: server.example.com:51820
     allowed ips: 192.0.2.1/32, 2001:db8:1::1/128
     latest handshake: 1 minute, 41 seconds ago
     transfer: 824 B received, 1.01 KiB sent
     persistent keepalive: every 20 seconds

   To display the private key in the output, use the WG_HIDE_KEYS=never wg show wg0 command.

   Note that the output contains only the latest handshake and transfer entries if you have already sent traffic through the VPN tunnel.

3. Display the IP configuration of the wg0 device:

   # ip address show wg0
   10: wg0: <POINTOPOINT,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1420 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
       link/none
       inet 192.0.2.2/24 scope global wg0
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
       inet6 2001:db8:1::2/32__ scope global
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever